mirror of
https://github.com/chefyuan/algorithm-base.git
synced 2024-11-24 13:03:41 +00:00
313 lines
8.1 KiB
Markdown
313 lines
8.1 KiB
Markdown
> 如果阅读时,发现错误,或者动画不可以显示的问题可以添加我微信好友 **[tan45du_one](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tan45du/tan45du.github.io/master/个人微信.15egrcgqd94w.jpg)** ,备注 github + 题目 + 问题 向我反馈
|
||
>
|
||
> 感谢支持,该仓库会一直维护,希望对各位有一丢丢帮助。
|
||
>
|
||
> 另外希望手机阅读的同学可以来我的 <u>[**公众号:程序厨**](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tan45du/test/master/微信图片_20210320152235.2pthdebvh1c0.png)</u> 两个平台同步,想要和题友一起刷题,互相监督的同学,可以在我的小屋点击<u>[**刷题小队**](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tan45du/test/master/微信图片_20210320152235.2pthdebvh1c0.png)</u>进入。
|
||
|
||
今天咱们说一道非常简单但是很经典的面试题,思路很容易,但是里面细节挺多,所以我们还是需要注意。
|
||
|
||
我们先来看一下题目描述。
|
||
|
||
#### [206. 反转链表](https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/reverse-linked-list/)
|
||
|
||
反转一个单链表。
|
||
|
||
**示例:**
|
||
|
||
> 输入: 1->2->3->4->5->NULL
|
||
> 输出: 5->4->3->2->1->NULL
|
||
|
||
该题目我们刚开始刷题的同学可能会想到先保存到数组中,然后从后往前遍历数组,重新组成链表,这样做是可以 AC 的,但是我们机试时往往不允许我们修改节点的值,仅仅是修改节点的指向。所以我们应该用什么方法来解决呢?
|
||
|
||
我们先来看动图,看看我们能不能理解。然后再对动图进行解析。
|
||
|
||
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210323191331552.gif)
|
||
|
||
原理很容易理解,我们首先将 low 指针指向空节点, pro 节点指向 head 节点,
|
||
|
||
然后我们定义一个临时节点 temp 指向 pro 节点,
|
||
|
||
此时我们就记住了 pro 节点的位置,然后 pro = pro.next,这样我们三个指针指向三个不同的节点。
|
||
|
||
则我们将 temp 指针指向 low 节点,此时则完成了反转。
|
||
|
||
反转之后我们继续反转下一节点,则 low = temp 即可。然后重复执行上诉操作直至最后,这样则完成了反转链表。
|
||
|
||
我们下面看代码吧。
|
||
|
||
我会对每个关键点进行注释,大家可以参考动图理解。
|
||
|
||
**题目代码**
|
||
|
||
Java Code:
|
||
|
||
```java
|
||
class Solution {
|
||
public ListNode reverseList(ListNode head) {
|
||
//特殊情况
|
||
if (head == null || head.next == null) {
|
||
return head;
|
||
}
|
||
ListNode low = null;
|
||
ListNode pro = head;
|
||
while (pro != null) {
|
||
//代表橙色指针
|
||
ListNode temp = pro;
|
||
//移动绿色指针
|
||
pro = pro.next;
|
||
//反转节点
|
||
temp.next = low;
|
||
//移动黄色指针
|
||
low = temp;
|
||
}
|
||
return low;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
C++ Code:
|
||
|
||
```cpp
|
||
class Solution {
|
||
public:
|
||
ListNode* reverseList(ListNode* head) {
|
||
//特殊情况
|
||
if (head == nullptr || head->next == nullptr) {
|
||
return head;
|
||
}
|
||
ListNode * low = nullptr;
|
||
ListNode * pro = head;
|
||
while (pro != nullptr) {
|
||
//代表橙色指针
|
||
ListNode * temp = pro;
|
||
//移动绿色指针
|
||
pro = pro->next;
|
||
//反转节点
|
||
temp->next = low;
|
||
//移动黄色指针
|
||
low = temp;
|
||
}
|
||
return low;
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
JS Code:
|
||
|
||
```javascript
|
||
var reverseList = function (head) {
|
||
//特殊情况
|
||
if (!head || !head.next) {
|
||
return head;
|
||
}
|
||
let low = null;
|
||
let pro = head;
|
||
while (pro) {
|
||
//代表橙色指针
|
||
let temp = pro;
|
||
//移动绿色指针
|
||
pro = pro.next;
|
||
//反转节点
|
||
temp.next = low;
|
||
//移动黄色指针
|
||
low = temp;
|
||
}
|
||
return low;
|
||
};
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Python Code:
|
||
|
||
```python
|
||
class Solution:
|
||
def reverseList(self, head: ListNode) -> ListNode:
|
||
# 特殊情况
|
||
if head is None or head.next is None:
|
||
return head
|
||
low = None
|
||
pro = head
|
||
while pro is not None:
|
||
# 代表橙色指针
|
||
temp = pro
|
||
# 移动绿色指针
|
||
pro = pro.next
|
||
# 反转节点
|
||
temp.next = low
|
||
# 移动黄色指针
|
||
low = temp
|
||
return low
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Swift Code:
|
||
|
||
```swift
|
||
class Solution {
|
||
func reverseList(_ head: ListNode?) -> ListNode? {
|
||
// 边界条件
|
||
if head == nil || head?.next == nil {
|
||
return head
|
||
}
|
||
var pro = head
|
||
var low: ListNode?
|
||
while pro != nil {
|
||
// 代表橙色指针
|
||
var temp = pro
|
||
// 移动绿色指针
|
||
pro = pro?.next
|
||
// 反转节点
|
||
temp?.next = low
|
||
// 移动黄色指针
|
||
low = temp
|
||
}
|
||
return low
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Go Code:
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
func reverseList(head *ListNode) *ListNode {
|
||
if head == nil || head.Next == nil { return head }
|
||
cur := head
|
||
var pre *ListNode
|
||
for cur != nil {
|
||
nxt := cur.Next
|
||
cur.Next = pre
|
||
pre = cur
|
||
cur = nxt
|
||
if nxt == nil {
|
||
return pre
|
||
}
|
||
nxt = nxt.Next
|
||
}
|
||
return pre
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
上面的迭代写法是不是搞懂啦,现在还有一种递归写法,不是特别容易理解,刚开始刷题的同学,可以只看迭代解法。
|
||
|
||
**题目代码**
|
||
|
||
Java Code:
|
||
|
||
```java
|
||
class Solution {
|
||
public ListNode reverseList(ListNode head) {
|
||
//结束条件
|
||
if (head == null || head.next == null) {
|
||
return head;
|
||
}
|
||
//保存最后一个节点
|
||
ListNode pro = reverseList(head.next);
|
||
//将节点进行反转。我们可以这样理解 4.next.next = 4
|
||
//4.next = 5
|
||
//则 5.next = 4 则实现了反转
|
||
head.next.next = head;
|
||
//防止循环
|
||
head.next = null;
|
||
return pro;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
C++ Code:
|
||
|
||
```cpp
|
||
class Solution {
|
||
public:
|
||
ListNode * reverseList(ListNode * head) {
|
||
//结束条件
|
||
if (head == nullptr || head->next == nullptr) {
|
||
return head;
|
||
}
|
||
//保存最后一个节点
|
||
ListNode * pro = reverseList(head->next);
|
||
//将节点进行反转。我们可以这样理解 4->next->next = 4
|
||
//4->next = 5
|
||
//则 5->next = 4 则实现了反转
|
||
head->next->next = head;
|
||
//防止循环
|
||
head->next = nullptr;
|
||
return pro;
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
JS Code:
|
||
|
||
```javascript
|
||
var reverseList = function (head) {
|
||
//结束条件
|
||
if (!head || !head.next) {
|
||
return head;
|
||
}
|
||
//保存最后一个节点
|
||
let pro = reverseList(head.next);
|
||
//将节点进行反转。我们可以这样理解 4.next.next = 4
|
||
//4.next = 5
|
||
//则 5.next = 4 则实现了反转
|
||
head.next.next = head;
|
||
//防止循环
|
||
head.next = null;
|
||
return pro;
|
||
};
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Python Code:
|
||
|
||
```python
|
||
class Solution:
|
||
def reverseList(self, head: ListNode) -> ListNode:
|
||
# 结束条件
|
||
if head is None or head.next is None:
|
||
return head
|
||
# 保存最后一个节点
|
||
pro = self.reverseList(head.next)
|
||
# 将节点进行反转。我们可以这样理解 4->next->next = 4
|
||
# 4->next = 5
|
||
# 则 5->next = 4 则实现了反转
|
||
head.next.next = head
|
||
# 防止循环
|
||
head.next = None
|
||
return pro
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Swift Code:
|
||
|
||
```swift
|
||
class Solution {
|
||
func reverseList(_ head: ListNode?) -> ListNode? {
|
||
// 结束条件
|
||
if head == nil || head?.next == nil {
|
||
return head
|
||
}
|
||
var pro = reverseList(head?.next)
|
||
// 将节点进行反转
|
||
head?.next?.next = head
|
||
// 防止循环
|
||
head?.next = nil
|
||
return pro
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<br/>
|
||
|
||
> 贡献者[@jaredliw](https://github.com/jaredliw)注:
|
||
>
|
||
> 这里提供一个比较直观的递归写法供大家参考。由于代码比较直白,其它语言的我就不写啦。
|
||
>
|
||
> ```python
|
||
> class Solution:
|
||
> def reverseList(self, head: ListNode, prev_nd: ListNode = None) -> ListNode:
|
||
> # 结束条件
|
||
> if head is None:
|
||
> return prev_nd
|
||
> # 记录下一个节点并反转
|
||
> next_nd = head.next
|
||
> head.next = prev_nd
|
||
> # 给定下一组该反转的节点
|
||
> return self.reverseList(next_nd, head)
|
||
> ```
|