docker_practice/kubernetes/setup/kubeadm.md

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# 使用 kubeadm 部署 kubernetes
`kubeadm` 提供了 `kubeadm init` 以及 `kubeadm join` 这两个命令作为快速创建 `kubernetes` 集群的最佳实践
## 安装 Docker
参考 [安装 Docker](../../install) 一节安装 Docker
## 安装 **kubelet** **kubeadm** **kubectl**
### Ubuntu/Debian
```bash
$ apt-get update && apt-get install -y apt-transport-https
$ curl https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key add -
$ cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main
EOF
$ apt-get update
$ apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
```
### CentOS/Fedora
```bash
$ cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
$ sudo yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
```
## 修改内核的运行参数
```bash
$ cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
EOF
# 应用配置
$ sysctl --system
```
## 配置 kubelet
### 修改 `kubelet.service`
`/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-proxy-ipvs.conf` 写入以下内容
```bash
# 启用 ipvs 相关内核模块
[Service]
2020-09-06 00:52:31 +00:00
ExecStartPre=-/sbin/modprobe ip_vs
ExecStartPre=-/sbin/modprobe ip_vs_rr
ExecStartPre=-/sbin/modprobe ip_vs_wrr
ExecStartPre=-/sbin/modprobe ip_vs_sh
```
执行以下命令应用配置
```bash
$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
```
## 部署
### master
```bash
$ sudo kubeadm init --image-repository registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--pod-network-cidr 10.244.0.0/16 \
--v 5 \
--ignore-preflight-errors=all
```
* `--pod-network-cidr 10.244.0.0/16` 参数与后续 CNI 插件有关这里以 `flannel` 为例若后续部署其他类型的网络插件请更改此参数
> 执行可能出现错误例如缺少依赖包根据提示安装即可
执行成功会输出
```bash
...
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
I1116 12:35:13.270407 86677 request.go:538] Throttling request took 181.409184ms, request: POST:https://192.168.199.100:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/serviceaccounts
I1116 12:35:13.470292 86677 request.go:538] Throttling request took 186.088112ms, request: POST:https://192.168.199.100:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/configmaps
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
kubeadm join 192.168.199.100:6443 --token cz81zt.orsy9gm9v649e5lf \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:5edb316fd0d8ea2792cba15cdf1c899a366f147aa03cba52d4e5c5884ad836fe
```
### node 工作节点
**另一主机** 重复 **部署** 小节以前的步骤安装配置好 kubelet根据提示加入到集群
```bash
$ kubeadm join 192.168.199.100:6443 --token cz81zt.orsy9gm9v649e5lf \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:5edb316fd0d8ea2792cba15cdf1c899a366f147aa03cba52d4e5c5884ad836fe
```
## 查看服务
所有服务启动后查看本地实际运行的 Docker 容器这些服务大概分为三类主节点服务工作节点服务和其它服务
### 主节点服务
* `apiserver` 是整个系统的对外接口提供 RESTful 方式供客户端和其它组件调用
* `scheduler` 负责对资源进行调度分配某个 pod 到某个节点上
* `controller-manager` 负责管理控制器包括 endpoint-controller刷新服务和 pod 的关联信息 replication-controller维护某个 pod 的复制为配置的数值
### 工作节点服务
* `proxy` pod 上的服务提供访问的代理
### 其它服务
* Etcd 是所有状态的存储数据库
## 使用
`/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf` 复制到 `~/.kube/config`
执行 `$ kubectl get all -A` 查看启动的服务
由于未部署 CNI 插件CoreDNS 未正常启动如何使用 Kubernetes请参考后续章节
## 部署 CNI
这里以 `flannel` 为例进行介绍
### flannel
检查 podCIDR 设置
```bash
$ kubectl get node -o yaml | grep CIDR
# 输出
podCIDR: 10.244.0.0/16
podCIDRs:
```
```bash
$ kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/v0.11.0/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
```
## master 节点默认不能运行 pod
如果用 `kubeadm` 部署一个单节点集群默认情况下无法使用请执行以下命令解除限制
```bash
$ kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io/master-
# 恢复默认值
# $ kubectl taint nodes NODE_NAME node-role.kubernetes.io/master=true:NoSchedule
```
## 参考文档
2020-09-16 09:40:22 +00:00
* [官方文档](https://kubernetes.io/zh/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/install-kubeadm/)