mirror of
https://github.com/yeasy/docker_practice.git
synced 2024-12-24 22:18:54 +00:00
Add kubeadm, close #438
Signed-off-by: Kang HuaiShuai <khs1994@khs1994.com>
This commit is contained in:
Kang HuaiShuai
parent
bbfe14e0af
commit
0dcc67da1c
4
.github/workflows/ci.yaml
vendored
4
.github/workflows/ci.yaml
vendored
@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ jobs:
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PCIT_EMAIL: khs1994@khs1994.com
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PCIT_GIT_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PCIT_GIT_TOKEN }}
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PCIT_GIT_URL: github.com/docker-practice/vuepress
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PCIT_KEEP_HISTORY: "1"
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PCIT_KEEP_HISTORY: "true"
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PCIT_LOCAL_DIR: .vuepress/dist
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PCIT_MESSAGE: Sync from yeasy/docker_practice@${{github.sha}} by PCIT
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PCIT_TARGET_BRANCH: master
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@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ jobs:
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PCIT_EMAIL: khs1994@khs1994.com
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PCIT_GIT_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CODING_GIT_TOKEN }}
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PCIT_GIT_URL: git.dev.tencent.com/khs1994/docker_practice
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PCIT_KEEP_HISTORY: "1"
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PCIT_KEEP_HISTORY: "true"
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PCIT_LOCAL_DIR: .vuepress/dist
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PCIT_MESSAGE: Sync from yeasy/docker_practice@${{github.sha}} by PCIT
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PCIT_TARGET_BRANCH: master
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@ -109,8 +109,9 @@ module.exports = {
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collapsable: false,
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children: [
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"setup/",
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"setup/docker",
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"setup/kubeadm",
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"setup/docker-desktop",
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"setup/systemd",
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]
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},
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{
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@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
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# 修订记录
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* 1.2.0 2020-12-31
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* 1.1.0 2019-12-31
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* 全面支持 v19.x 新版本
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* 增加 `BuildKit`
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@ -121,8 +121,9 @@
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* [基本概念](kubernetes/concepts.md)
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* [架构设计](kubernetes/design.md)
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* [部署 Kubernetes](kubernetes/setup/README.md)
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* [使用 Docker 容器部署](kubernetes/setup/docker.md)
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* [使用 kubeadm 部署 kubernetes](kubernetes/setup/kubeadm.md)
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* [在 Docker Desktop 使用](kubernetes/setup/docker-desktop.md)
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* [一步步部署 kubernetes 集群](kubernetes/setup/systemd.md)
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* [Kubernetes 命令行 kubectl](kubernetes/kubectl/README.md)
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* [容器与云计算](cloud/README.md)
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* [简介](cloud/intro.md)
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@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
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你可以使用以下几种方式部署 Kubernetes：
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* Docker 容器
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* kubeadm
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* docker-desktop
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* k3s
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接下来的小节会对以上几种方式进行详细介绍。
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@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
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# 使用 Docker 容器部署 Kubernetes
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最快速体验 Kubernetes 的方式就是在本地通过 Docker 的方式来启动相关进程。
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下图展示了在单节点使用 Docker 快速部署一套 Kubernetes 的拓扑。
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Kubernetes 依赖 Etcd 服务来维护所有主节点的状态。
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## 启动 Etcd 服务
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```bash
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docker run --net=host -d gcr.io/google_containers/etcd:2.0.9 /usr/local/bin/etcd --addr=127.0.0.1:4001 --bind-addr=0.0.0.0:4001 --data-dir=/var/etcd/data
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```
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## 启动主节点
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启动 kubelet。
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```bash
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docker run --net=host -d -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock gcr.io/google_containers/hyperkube:v0.17.0 /hyperkube kubelet --api_servers=http://localhost:8080 --v=2 --address=0.0.0.0 --enable_server --hostname_override=127.0.0.1 --config=/etc/kubernetes/manifests
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```
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## 启动服务代理
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```bash
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docker run -d --net=host --privileged gcr.io/google_containers/hyperkube:v0.17.0 /hyperkube proxy --master=http://127.0.0.1:8080 --v=2
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```
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## 测试状态
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在本地访问 `8080` 端口，可以获取到如下的结果：
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```bash
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$ curl 127.0.0.1:8080
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{
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"paths": [
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"/api",
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"/api/v1beta1",
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"/api/v1beta2",
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"/api/v1beta3",
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"/healthz",
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"/healthz/ping",
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"/logs/",
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"/metrics",
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"/static/",
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"/swagger-ui/",
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"/swaggerapi/",
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"/validate",
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"/version"
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]
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}
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```
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## 查看服务
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所有服务启动后，查看本地实际运行的 Docker 容器，有如下几个。
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```bash
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CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
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ee054db2516c gcr.io/google_containers/hyperkube:v0.17.0 "/hyperkube schedule 2 days ago Up 1 days k8s_scheduler.509f29c9_k8s-master-127.0.0.1_default_9941e5170b4365bd4aa91f122ba0c061_e97037f5
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3b0f28de07a2 gcr.io/google_containers/hyperkube:v0.17.0 "/hyperkube apiserve 2 days ago Up 1 days k8s_apiserver.245e44fa_k8s-master-127.0.0.1_default_9941e5170b4365bd4aa91f122ba0c061_6ab5c23d
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2eaa44ecdd8e gcr.io/google_containers/hyperkube:v0.17.0 "/hyperkube controll 2 days ago Up 1 days k8s_controller-manager.33f83d43_k8s-master-127.0.0.1_default_9941e5170b4365bd4aa91f122ba0c061_1a60106f
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30aa7163cbef gcr.io/google_containers/hyperkube:v0.17.0 "/hyperkube proxy -- 2 days ago Up 1 days jolly_davinci
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a2f282976d91 gcr.io/google_containers/pause:0.8.0 "/pause" 2 days ago Up 2 days k8s_POD.e4cc795_k8s-master-127.0.0.1_default_9941e5170b4365bd4aa91f122ba0c061_e8085b1f
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c060c52acc36 gcr.io/google_containers/hyperkube:v0.17.0 "/hyperkube kubelet 2 days ago Up 1 days serene_nobel
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cc3cd263c581 gcr.io/google_containers/etcd:2.0.9 "/usr/local/bin/etcd 2 days ago Up 1 days happy_turing
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```
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这些服务大概分为三类：主节点服务、工作节点服务和其它服务。
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### 主节点服务
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* `apiserver` 是整个系统的对外接口，提供 RESTful 方式供客户端和其它组件调用；
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* `scheduler` 负责对资源进行调度，分配某个 pod 到某个节点上；
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* `controller-manager` 负责管理控制器，包括 endpoint-controller（刷新服务和 pod 的关联信息）和 replication-controller（维护某个 pod 的复制为配置的数值）。
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### 工作节点服务
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* `kubelet` 是工作节点执行操作的 agent，负责具体的容器生命周期管理，根据从数据库中获取的信息来管理容器，并上报 pod 运行状态等；
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* `proxy` 为 pod 上的服务提供访问的代理。
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### 其它服务
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* Etcd 是所有状态的存储数据库；
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* `gcr.io/google_containers/pause:0.8.0` 是 Kubernetes 启动后自动 pull 下来的测试镜像。
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183
kubernetes/setup/kubeadm.md
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183
kubernetes/setup/kubeadm.md
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@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
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# 使用 kubeadm 部署 kubernetes
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`kubeadm` 提供了 `kubeadm init` 以及 `kubeadm join` 这两个命令作为快速创建 `kubernetes` 集群的最佳实践。
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## 安装 Docker
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参考 [安装 Docker](../../install) 一节安装 Docker。
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## 安装 **kubelet** **kubeadm** **kubectl**
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### Ubuntu/Debian
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```bash
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$ apt-get update && apt-get install -y apt-transport-https
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$ curl https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key add -
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$ cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
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deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main
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EOF
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$ apt-get update
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$ apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
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```
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### CentOS/Fedora
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```bash
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$ cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
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[kubernetes]
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name=Kubernetes
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baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
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enabled=1
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gpgcheck=1
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repo_gpgcheck=1
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gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
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EOF
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$ sudo yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
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```
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## 修改内核的运行参数
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```bash
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$ cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf
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net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
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net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
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net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
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EOF
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# 应用配置
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$ sysctl --system
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```
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## 配置 kubelet
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### 修改 `kubelet.service`
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`/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-proxy-ipvs.conf` 写入以下内容
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```bash
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# 启用 ipvs 相关内核模块
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[Service]
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ExecStartPre=-modprobe ip_vs
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ExecStartPre=-modprobe ip_vs_rr
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ExecStartPre=-modprobe ip_vs_wrr
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ExecStartPre=-modprobe ip_vs_sh
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```
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执行以下命令应用配置。
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```bash
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$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
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```
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## 部署
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### master
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```bash
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$ sudo kubeadm init --image-repository gcr.azk8s.cn/google-containers \
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--pod-network-cidr 10.244.0.0/16 \
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--v 5 \
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--ignore-preflight-errors=all
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```
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* `--pod-network-cidr 10.244.0.0/16` 参数与后续 CNI 插件有关，这里以 `flannel` 为例，若后续部署其他类型的网络插件请更改此参数。
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> 执行可能出现错误，例如缺少依赖包，根据提示安装即可。
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执行成功会输出
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```bash
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...
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[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
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I1116 12:35:13.270407 86677 request.go:538] Throttling request took 181.409184ms, request: POST:https://192.168.199.100:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/serviceaccounts
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I1116 12:35:13.470292 86677 request.go:538] Throttling request took 186.088112ms, request: POST:https://192.168.199.100:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/configmaps
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[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy
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Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
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To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
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mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
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sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
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sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
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You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
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Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
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https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
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Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
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kubeadm join 192.168.199.100:6443 --token cz81zt.orsy9gm9v649e5lf \
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--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:5edb316fd0d8ea2792cba15cdf1c899a366f147aa03cba52d4e5c5884ad836fe
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```
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### node 工作节点
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在 **另一主机** 重复 **部署** 小节以前的步骤，安装配置好 kubelet。根据提示，加入到集群。
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```bash
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$ kubeadm join 192.168.199.100:6443 --token cz81zt.orsy9gm9v649e5lf \
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--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:5edb316fd0d8ea2792cba15cdf1c899a366f147aa03cba52d4e5c5884ad836fe
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```
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## 查看服务
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所有服务启动后，查看本地实际运行的 Docker 容器。这些服务大概分为三类：主节点服务、工作节点服务和其它服务。
|
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### 主节点服务
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* `apiserver` 是整个系统的对外接口，提供 RESTful 方式供客户端和其它组件调用；
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* `scheduler` 负责对资源进行调度，分配某个 pod 到某个节点上；
|
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|
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* `controller-manager` 负责管理控制器，包括 endpoint-controller（刷新服务和 pod 的关联信息）和 replication-controller（维护某个 pod 的复制为配置的数值）。
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### 工作节点服务
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* `proxy` 为 pod 上的服务提供访问的代理。
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### 其它服务
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* Etcd 是所有状态的存储数据库；
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## 使用
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将 `/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf` 复制到 `~/.kube/config`
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执行 `$ kubectl get all -A` 查看启动的服务。
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由于未部署 CNI 插件，CoreDNS 未正常启动。如何使用 Kubernetes，请参考后续章节。
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## 部署 CNI
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这里以 `flannel` 为例进行介绍。
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### flannel
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检查 podCIDR 设置
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```bash
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$ kubectl get node -o yaml | grep CIDR
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# 输出
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podCIDR: 10.244.0.0/24
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podCIDRs:
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```
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```bash
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$ kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/v0.11.0/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
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```
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## master 节点默认不能运行 pod
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如果用 `kubeadm` 部署一个单节点集群，默认情况下无法使用，请执行以下命令解除限制
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```bash
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$ kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io/master-
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# 恢复默认值
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# $ kubectl taint nodes NODE_NAME node-role.kubernetes.io/master=true:NoSchedule
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```
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3
kubernetes/setup/systemd.md
Normal file
3
kubernetes/setup/systemd.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
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# 一步步部署 kubernetes 集群
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可以参考 [opsnull/follow-me-install-kubernetes-cluster](https://github.com/opsnull/follow-me-install-kubernetes-cluster) 项目一步步部署 kubernetes 集群。
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||||
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