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Update etcd to 3.x #275
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# etcd
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etcd 是 CoreOS 团队发起的一个管理配置信息和服务发现(service discovery)的项目,在这一章里面,我们将介绍该项目的目标,安装和使用,以及实现的技术。
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etcd 是 CoreOS 团队发起的一个管理配置信息和服务发现(`Service Discovery`)的项目,在这一章里面,我们将基于 `etcd 3.x` 版本介绍该项目的目标,安装和使用,以及实现的技术。
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129
etcd/cluster.md
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129
etcd/cluster.md
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## etcd 集群
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下面我们使用 [Docker Compose](../compose/) 模拟启动一个 3 节点的 etcd 集群。
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编辑 `docker-compose.yml` 文件
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```yaml
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version: "3"
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services:
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node1:
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image: quay.io/coreos/etcd
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volumes:
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- node1-data:/etcd-data
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expose:
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- 2379
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- 2380
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networks:
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cluster_net:
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ipv4_address: 172.16.238.100
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environment:
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- ETCDCTL_API=3
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command:
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- /usr/local/bin/etcd
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- --data-dir=/etcd-data
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- --name
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- node1
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- --initial-advertise-peer-urls
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- http://172.16.238.100:2380
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- --listen-peer-urls
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- http://0.0.0.0:2380
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- --advertise-client-urls
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- http://172.16.238.100:2379
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- --listen-client-urls
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- http://0.0.0.0:2379
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- --initial-cluster
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- node1=http://172.16.238.100:2380,node2=http://172.16.238.101:2380,node3=http://172.16.238.102:2380
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- --initial-cluster-state
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- new
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- --initial-cluster-token
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- docker-etcd
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node2:
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image: quay.io/coreos/etcd
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volumes:
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- node2-data:/etcd-data
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networks:
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cluster_net:
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ipv4_address: 172.16.238.101
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environment:
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- ETCDCTL_API=3
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expose:
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- 2379
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- 2380
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command:
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- /usr/local/bin/etcd
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- --data-dir=/etcd-data
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- --name
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- node2
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- --initial-advertise-peer-urls
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- http://172.16.238.101:2380
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- --listen-peer-urls
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- http://0.0.0.0:2380
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- --advertise-client-urls
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- http://172.16.238.101:2379
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- --listen-client-urls
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- http://0.0.0.0:2379
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- --initial-cluster
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- node1=http://172.16.238.100:2380,node2=http://172.16.238.101:2380,node3=http://172.16.238.102:2380
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- --initial-cluster-state
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- new
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- --initial-cluster-token
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- docker-etcd
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node3:
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image: quay.io/coreos/etcd
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volumes:
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- node3-data:/etcd-data
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networks:
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cluster_net:
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ipv4_address: 172.16.238.102
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environment:
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- ETCDCTL_API=3
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expose:
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- 2379
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- 2380
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command:
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- /usr/local/bin/etcd
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- --data-dir=/etcd-data
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- --name
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- node3
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- --initial-advertise-peer-urls
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- http://172.16.238.102:2380
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- --listen-peer-urls
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- http://0.0.0.0:2380
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- --advertise-client-urls
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- http://172.16.238.102:2379
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- --listen-client-urls
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- http://0.0.0.0:2379
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- --initial-cluster
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- node1=http://172.16.238.100:2380,node2=http://172.16.238.101:2380,node3=http://172.16.238.102:2380
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- --initial-cluster-state
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- new
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- --initial-cluster-token
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- docker-etcd
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volumes:
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node1-data:
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node2-data:
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node3-data:
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networks:
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cluster_net:
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driver: bridge
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ipam:
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driver: default
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config:
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-
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subnet: 172.16.238.0/24
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```
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使用 `docker exec` 命令登录到任一节点测试 etcd 集群。
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```bash
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/ # etcdctl member list
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daf3fd52e3583ff, started, node3, http://172.16.238.102:2380, http://172.16.238.102:2379
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422a74f03b622fef, started, node1, http://172.16.238.100:2380, http://172.16.238.100:2379
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ed635d2a2dbef43d, started, node2, http://172.16.238.101:2380, http://172.16.238.101:2379
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```
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112
etcd/demo/cluster/docker-compose.yml
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112
etcd/demo/cluster/docker-compose.yml
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version: "3"
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services:
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node1:
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image: quay.io/coreos/etcd
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volumes:
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- node1-data:/etcd-data
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expose:
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- 2379
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- 2380
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networks:
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cluster_net:
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ipv4_address: 172.16.238.100
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environment:
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- ETCDCTL_API=3
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command:
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- /usr/local/bin/etcd
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- --data-dir=/etcd-data
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- --name
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- node1
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- --initial-advertise-peer-urls
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- http://172.16.238.100:2380
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- --listen-peer-urls
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- http://0.0.0.0:2380
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- --advertise-client-urls
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- http://172.16.238.100:2379
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- --listen-client-urls
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- http://0.0.0.0:2379
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- --initial-cluster
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- node1=http://172.16.238.100:2380,node2=http://172.16.238.101:2380,node3=http://172.16.238.102:2380
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- --initial-cluster-state
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- new
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- --initial-cluster-token
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- docker-etcd
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node2:
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image: quay.io/coreos/etcd
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volumes:
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- node2-data:/etcd-data
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networks:
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cluster_net:
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ipv4_address: 172.16.238.101
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environment:
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- ETCDCTL_API=3
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expose:
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- 2379
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- 2380
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command:
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- /usr/local/bin/etcd
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- --data-dir=/etcd-data
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- --name
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- node2
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- --initial-advertise-peer-urls
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- http://172.16.238.101:2380
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- --listen-peer-urls
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- http://0.0.0.0:2380
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- --advertise-client-urls
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- http://172.16.238.101:2379
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- --listen-client-urls
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- http://0.0.0.0:2379
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- --initial-cluster
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- node1=http://172.16.238.100:2380,node2=http://172.16.238.101:2380,node3=http://172.16.238.102:2380
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- --initial-cluster-state
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- new
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- --initial-cluster-token
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- docker-etcd
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node3:
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image: quay.io/coreos/etcd
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volumes:
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- node3-data:/etcd-data
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networks:
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cluster_net:
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ipv4_address: 172.16.238.102
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environment:
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- ETCDCTL_API=3
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expose:
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- 2379
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- 2380
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command:
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- /usr/local/bin/etcd
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- --data-dir=/etcd-data
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- --name
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- node3
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- --initial-advertise-peer-urls
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- http://172.16.238.102:2380
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- --listen-peer-urls
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- http://0.0.0.0:2380
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- --advertise-client-urls
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- http://172.16.238.102:2379
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- --listen-client-urls
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- http://0.0.0.0:2379
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- --initial-cluster
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- node1=http://172.16.238.100:2380,node2=http://172.16.238.101:2380,node3=http://172.16.238.102:2380
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- --initial-cluster-state
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- new
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- --initial-cluster-token
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- docker-etcd
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volumes:
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node1-data:
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node2-data:
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node3-data:
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networks:
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cluster_net:
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driver: bridge
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ipam:
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driver: default
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config:
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-
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subnet: 172.16.238.0/24
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281
etcd/etcdctl-v2.md
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281
etcd/etcdctl-v2.md
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@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
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## 使用 etcdctl v2
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`etcdctl` 是一个命令行客户端,它能提供一些简洁的命令,供用户直接跟 `etcd` 服务打交道,而无需基于 `HTTP API` 方式。这在某些情况下将很方便,例如用户对服务进行测试或者手动修改数据库内容。我们也推荐在刚接触 `etcd` 时通过 `etcdctl` 命令来熟悉相关的操作,这些操作跟 `HTTP API` 实际上是对应的。
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`etcd` 项目二进制发行包中已经包含了 `etcdctl` 工具,没有的话,可以从 [github.com/coreos/etcd/releases](https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases) 下载。
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`etcdctl` 支持如下的命令,大体上分为数据库操作和非数据库操作两类,后面将分别进行解释。
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```
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$ etcdctl -h
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NAME:
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etcdctl - A simple command line client for etcd.
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USAGE:
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etcdctl [global options] command [command options] [arguments...]
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VERSION:
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2.0.0-rc.1
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COMMANDS:
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backup backup an etcd directory
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mk make a new key with a given value
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mkdir make a new directory
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rm remove a key
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rmdir removes the key if it is an empty directory or a key-value pair
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get retrieve the value of a key
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ls retrieve a directory
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set set the value of a key
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setdir create a new or existing directory
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update update an existing key with a given value
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updatedir update an existing directory
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watch watch a key for changes
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exec-watch watch a key for changes and exec an executable
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member member add, remove and list subcommands
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help, h Shows a list of commands or help for one command
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GLOBAL OPTIONS:
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--debug output cURL commands which can be used to reproduce the request
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--no-sync don't synchronize cluster information before sending request
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--output, -o 'simple' output response in the given format (`simple` or `json`)
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--peers, -C a comma-delimited list of machine addresses in the cluster (default: "127.0.0.1:4001")
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--cert-file identify HTTPS client using this SSL certificate file
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--key-file identify HTTPS client using this SSL key file
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--ca-file verify certificates of HTTPS-enabled servers using this CA bundle
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--help, -h show help
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--version, -v print the version
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```
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### 数据库操作
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数据库操作围绕对键值和目录的 CRUD (符合 REST 风格的一套操作:Create)完整生命周期的管理。
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etcd 在键的组织上采用了层次化的空间结构(类似于文件系统中目录的概念),用户指定的键可以为单独的名字,如 `testkey`,此时实际上放在根目录 `/` 下面,也可以为指定目录结构,如 `cluster1/node2/testkey`,则将创建相应的目录结构。
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*注:CRUD 即 Create, Read, Update, Delete,是符合 REST 风格的一套 API 操作。*
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#### set
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指定某个键的值。例如
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```bash
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$ etcdctl set /testdir/testkey "Hello world"
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Hello world
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```
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支持的选项包括:
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```bash
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--ttl '0' 该键值的超时时间(单位为秒),不配置(默认为 0)则永不超时
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--swap-with-value value 若该键现在的值是 value,则进行设置操作
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--swap-with-index '0' 若该键现在的索引值是指定索引,则进行设置操作
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```
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#### get
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获取指定键的值。例如
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```bash
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$ etcdctl set testkey hello
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hello
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$ etcdctl update testkey world
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world
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```
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当键不存在时,则会报错。例如
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```bash
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$ etcdctl get testkey2
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Error: 100: Key not found (/testkey2) [1]
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```
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支持的选项为
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```bash
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--sort 对结果进行排序
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--consistent 将请求发给主节点,保证获取内容的一致性
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```
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#### update
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当键存在时,更新值内容。例如
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```bash
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$ etcdctl set testkey hello
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hello
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$ etcdctl update testkey world
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world
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```
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当键不存在时,则会报错。例如
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```bash
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$ etcdctl update testkey2 world
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Error: 100: Key not found (/testkey2) [1]
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```
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支持的选项为
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||||
```bash
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--ttl '0' 超时时间(单位为秒),不配置(默认为 0)则永不超时
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||||
```
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#### rm
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删除某个键值。例如
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```bash
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$ etcdctl rm testkey
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```
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当键不存在时,则会报错。例如
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```bash
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$ etcdctl rm testkey2
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Error: 100: Key not found (/testkey2) [8]
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||||
```
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||||
支持的选项为
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```bash
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--dir 如果键是个空目录或者键值对则删除
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--recursive 删除目录和所有子键
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||||
--with-value 检查现有的值是否匹配
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||||
--with-index '0' 检查现有的 index 是否匹配
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```
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||||
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||||
#### mk
|
||||
如果给定的键不存在,则创建一个新的键值。例如
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ etcdctl mk /testdir/testkey "Hello world"
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||||
Hello world
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||||
```
|
||||
当键存在的时候,执行该命令会报错,例如
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||||
```bash
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||||
$ etcdctl set testkey "Hello world"
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||||
Hello world
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||||
$ ./etcdctl mk testkey "Hello world"
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||||
Error: 105: Key already exists (/testkey) [2]
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||||
```
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||||
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||||
支持的选项为
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
--ttl '0' 超时时间(单位为秒),不配置(默认为 0)则永不超时
|
||||
```
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||||
|
||||
#### mkdir
|
||||
如果给定的键目录不存在,则创建一个新的键目录。例如
|
||||
```bash
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||||
$ etcdctl mkdir testdir
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||||
```
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||||
当键目录存在的时候,执行该命令会报错,例如
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||||
```bash
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||||
$ etcdctl mkdir testdir
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||||
$ etcdctl mkdir testdir
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||||
Error: 105: Key already exists (/testdir) [7]
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||||
```
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||||
支持的选项为
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
--ttl '0' 超时时间(单位为秒),不配置(默认为 0)则永不超时
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||||
```
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||||
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||||
#### setdir
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||||
|
||||
创建一个键目录,无论存在与否。
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||||
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||||
支持的选项为
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
--ttl '0' 超时时间(单位为秒),不配置(默认为 0)则永不超时
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### updatedir
|
||||
更新一个已经存在的目录。
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||||
支持的选项为
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
--ttl '0' 超时时间(单位为秒),不配置(默认为 0)则永不超时
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### rmdir
|
||||
删除一个空目录,或者键值对。
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||||
|
||||
若目录不空,会报错
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||||
```bash
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||||
$ etcdctl set /dir/testkey hi
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||||
hi
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||||
$ etcdctl rmdir /dir
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||||
Error: 108: Directory not empty (/dir) [13]
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||||
```
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||||
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||||
#### ls
|
||||
列出目录(默认为根目录)下的键或者子目录,默认不显示子目录中内容。
|
||||
|
||||
例如
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ ./etcdctl set testkey 'hi'
|
||||
hi
|
||||
$ ./etcdctl set dir/test 'hello'
|
||||
hello
|
||||
$ ./etcdctl ls
|
||||
/testkey
|
||||
/dir
|
||||
$ ./etcdctl ls dir
|
||||
/dir/test
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
支持的选项包括
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
--sort 将输出结果排序
|
||||
--recursive 如果目录下有子目录,则递归输出其中的内容
|
||||
-p 对于输出为目录,在最后添加 `/` 进行区分
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 非数据库操作
|
||||
|
||||
#### backup
|
||||
备份 etcd 的数据。
|
||||
|
||||
支持的选项包括
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
--data-dir etcd 的数据目录
|
||||
--backup-dir 备份到指定路径
|
||||
```
|
||||
#### watch
|
||||
监测一个键值的变化,一旦键值发生更新,就会输出最新的值并退出。
|
||||
|
||||
例如,用户更新 testkey 键值为 Hello world。
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ etcdctl watch testkey
|
||||
Hello world
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
支持的选项包括
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
--forever 一直监测,直到用户按 `CTRL+C` 退出
|
||||
--after-index '0' 在指定 index 之前一直监测
|
||||
--recursive 返回所有的键值和子键值
|
||||
```
|
||||
#### exec-watch
|
||||
监测一个键值的变化,一旦键值发生更新,就执行给定命令。
|
||||
|
||||
例如,用户更新 testkey 键值。
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ etcdctl exec-watch testkey -- sh -c 'ls'
|
||||
default.etcd
|
||||
Documentation
|
||||
etcd
|
||||
etcdctl
|
||||
etcd-migrate
|
||||
README-etcdctl.md
|
||||
README.md
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
支持的选项包括
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
--after-index '0' 在指定 index 之前一直监测
|
||||
--recursive 返回所有的键值和子键值
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### member
|
||||
|
||||
通过 list、add、remove 命令列出、添加、删除 etcd 实例到 etcd 集群中。
|
||||
|
||||
例如本地启动一个 etcd 服务实例后,可以用如下命令进行查看。
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ etcdctl member list
|
||||
ce2a822cea30bfca: name=default peerURLs=http://localhost:2380,http://localhost:7001 clientURLs=http://localhost:2379,http://localhost:4001
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 命令选项
|
||||
* `--debug` 输出 cURL 命令,显示执行命令的时候发起的请求
|
||||
* `--no-sync` 发出请求之前不同步集群信息
|
||||
* `--output, -o 'simple'` 输出内容的格式 (`simple` 为原始信息,`json` 为进行json格式解码,易读性好一些)
|
||||
* `--peers, -C` 指定集群中的同伴信息,用逗号隔开 (默认为: "127.0.0.1:4001")
|
||||
* `--cert-file` HTTPS 下客户端使用的 SSL 证书文件
|
||||
* `--key-file` HTTPS 下客户端使用的 SSL 密钥文件
|
||||
* `--ca-file` 服务端使用 HTTPS 时,使用 CA 文件进行验证
|
||||
* `--help, -h` 显示帮助命令信息
|
||||
* `--version, -v` 打印版本信息
|
309
etcd/etcdctl.md
309
etcd/etcdctl.md
@ -1,279 +1,156 @@
|
||||
## 使用 etcdctl
|
||||
|
||||
etcdctl 是一个命令行客户端,它能提供一些简洁的命令,供用户直接跟 etcd 服务打交道,而无需基于 HTTP API 方式。这在某些情况下将很方便,例如用户对服务进行测试或者手动修改数据库内容。我们也推荐在刚接触 etcd 时通过 etcdctl 命令来熟悉相关的操作,这些操作跟 HTTP API 实际上是对应的。
|
||||
`etcdctl` 是一个命令行客户端,它能提供一些简洁的命令,供用户直接跟 `etcd` 服务打交道,而无需基于 `HTTP API` 方式。这在某些情况下将很方便,例如用户对服务进行测试或者手动修改数据库内容。我们也推荐在刚接触 `etcd` 时通过 `etcdctl` 命令来熟悉相关的操作,这些操作跟 `HTTP API` 实际上是对应的。
|
||||
|
||||
etcd 项目二进制发行包中已经包含了 etcdctl 工具,没有的话,可以从 [github.com/coreos/etcd/releases](https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases) 下载。
|
||||
`etcd` 项目二进制发行包中已经包含了 `etcdctl` 工具,没有的话,可以从 [github.com/coreos/etcd/releases](https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases) 下载。
|
||||
|
||||
etcdctl 支持如下的命令,大体上分为数据库操作和非数据库操作两类,后面将分别进行解释。
|
||||
`etcdctl` 支持如下的命令,大体上分为数据库操作和非数据库操作两类,后面将分别进行解释。
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ etcdctl -h
|
||||
```
|
||||
NAME:
|
||||
etcdctl - A simple command line client for etcd.
|
||||
etcdctl - A simple command line client for etcd3.
|
||||
|
||||
USAGE:
|
||||
etcdctl [global options] command [command options] [arguments...]
|
||||
etcdctl
|
||||
|
||||
VERSION:
|
||||
2.0.0-rc.1
|
||||
3.2.10
|
||||
|
||||
API VERSION:
|
||||
3.2
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
COMMANDS:
|
||||
backup backup an etcd directory
|
||||
mk make a new key with a given value
|
||||
mkdir make a new directory
|
||||
rm remove a key
|
||||
rmdir removes the key if it is an empty directory or a key-value pair
|
||||
get retrieve the value of a key
|
||||
ls retrieve a directory
|
||||
set set the value of a key
|
||||
setdir create a new or existing directory
|
||||
update update an existing key with a given value
|
||||
updatedir update an existing directory
|
||||
watch watch a key for changes
|
||||
exec-watch watch a key for changes and exec an executable
|
||||
member member add, remove and list subcommands
|
||||
help, h Shows a list of commands or help for one command
|
||||
get Gets the key or a range of keys
|
||||
put Puts the given key into the store
|
||||
del Removes the specified key or range of keys [key, range_end)
|
||||
txn Txn processes all the requests in one transaction
|
||||
compaction Compacts the event history in etcd
|
||||
alarm disarm Disarms all alarms
|
||||
alarm list Lists all alarms
|
||||
defrag Defragments the storage of the etcd members with given endpoints
|
||||
endpoint health Checks the healthiness of endpoints specified in `--endpoints` flag
|
||||
endpoint status Prints out the status of endpoints specified in `--endpoints` flag
|
||||
watch Watches events stream on keys or prefixes
|
||||
version Prints the version of etcdctl
|
||||
lease grant Creates leases
|
||||
lease revoke Revokes leases
|
||||
lease timetolive Get lease information
|
||||
lease keep-alive Keeps leases alive (renew)
|
||||
member add Adds a member into the cluster
|
||||
member remove Removes a member from the cluster
|
||||
member update Updates a member in the cluster
|
||||
member list Lists all members in the cluster
|
||||
snapshot save Stores an etcd node backend snapshot to a given file
|
||||
snapshot restore Restores an etcd member snapshot to an etcd directory
|
||||
snapshot status Gets backend snapshot status of a given file
|
||||
make-mirror Makes a mirror at the destination etcd cluster
|
||||
migrate Migrates keys in a v2 store to a mvcc store
|
||||
lock Acquires a named lock
|
||||
elect Observes and participates in leader election
|
||||
auth enable Enables authentication
|
||||
auth disable Disables authentication
|
||||
user add Adds a new user
|
||||
user delete Deletes a user
|
||||
user get Gets detailed information of a user
|
||||
user list Lists all users
|
||||
user passwd Changes password of user
|
||||
user grant-role Grants a role to a user
|
||||
user revoke-role Revokes a role from a user
|
||||
role add Adds a new role
|
||||
role delete Deletes a role
|
||||
role get Gets detailed information of a role
|
||||
role list Lists all roles
|
||||
role grant-permission Grants a key to a role
|
||||
role revoke-permission Revokes a key from a role
|
||||
check perf Check the performance of the etcd cluster
|
||||
help Help about any command
|
||||
|
||||
GLOBAL OPTIONS:
|
||||
--debug output cURL commands which can be used to reproduce the request
|
||||
--no-sync don't synchronize cluster information before sending request
|
||||
--output, -o 'simple' output response in the given format (`simple` or `json`)
|
||||
--peers, -C a comma-delimited list of machine addresses in the cluster (default: "127.0.0.1:4001")
|
||||
--cert-file identify HTTPS client using this SSL certificate file
|
||||
--key-file identify HTTPS client using this SSL key file
|
||||
--ca-file verify certificates of HTTPS-enabled servers using this CA bundle
|
||||
--help, -h show help
|
||||
--version, -v print the version
|
||||
OPTIONS:
|
||||
--cacert="" verify certificates of TLS-enabled secure servers using this CA bundle
|
||||
--cert="" identify secure client using this TLS certificate file
|
||||
--command-timeout=5s timeout for short running command (excluding dial timeout)
|
||||
--debug[=false] enable client-side debug logging
|
||||
--dial-timeout=2s dial timeout for client connections
|
||||
--endpoints=[127.0.0.1:2379] gRPC endpoints
|
||||
--hex[=false] print byte strings as hex encoded strings
|
||||
--insecure-skip-tls-verify[=false] skip server certificate verification
|
||||
--insecure-transport[=true] disable transport security for client connections
|
||||
--key="" identify secure client using this TLS key file
|
||||
--user="" username[:password] for authentication (prompt if password is not supplied)
|
||||
-w, --write-out="simple" set the output format (fields, json, protobuf, simple, table)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 数据库操作
|
||||
|
||||
数据库操作围绕对键值和目录的 CRUD (符合 REST 风格的一套操作:Create)完整生命周期的管理。
|
||||
|
||||
etcd 在键的组织上采用了层次化的空间结构(类似于文件系统中目录的概念),用户指定的键可以为单独的名字,如 `testkey`,此时实际上放在根目录 `/` 下面,也可以为指定目录结构,如 `cluster1/node2/testkey`,则将创建相应的目录结构。
|
||||
|
||||
*注:CRUD 即 Create, Read, Update, Delete,是符合 REST 风格的一套 API 操作。*
|
||||
>注:CRUD 即 Create, Read, Update, Delete,是符合 REST 风格的一套 API 操作。
|
||||
|
||||
#### put
|
||||
|
||||
#### set
|
||||
指定某个键的值。例如
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ etcdctl set /testdir/testkey "Hello world"
|
||||
Hello world
|
||||
```
|
||||
支持的选项包括:
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
--ttl '0' 该键值的超时时间(单位为秒),不配置(默认为 0)则永不超时
|
||||
--swap-with-value value 若该键现在的值是 value,则进行设置操作
|
||||
--swap-with-index '0' 若该键现在的索引值是指定索引,则进行设置操作
|
||||
$ etcdctl put /testdir/testkey "Hello world"
|
||||
OK
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### get
|
||||
|
||||
获取指定键的值。例如
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ etcdctl set testkey hello
|
||||
hello
|
||||
$ etcdctl update testkey world
|
||||
world
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
当键不存在时,则会报错。例如
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ etcdctl get testkey2
|
||||
Error: 100: Key not found (/testkey2) [1]
|
||||
$ etcdctl put testkey hello
|
||||
OK
|
||||
$ etcdctl get testkey
|
||||
testkey
|
||||
hello
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
支持的选项为
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
--sort 对结果进行排序
|
||||
--consistent 将请求发给主节点,保证获取内容的一致性
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### update
|
||||
当键存在时,更新值内容。例如
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ etcdctl set testkey hello
|
||||
hello
|
||||
$ etcdctl update testkey world
|
||||
world
|
||||
```
|
||||
`--sort` 对结果进行排序
|
||||
|
||||
当键不存在时,则会报错。例如
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ etcdctl update testkey2 world
|
||||
Error: 100: Key not found (/testkey2) [1]
|
||||
```
|
||||
`--consistent` 将请求发给主节点,保证获取内容的一致性
|
||||
|
||||
支持的选项为
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
--ttl '0' 超时时间(单位为秒),不配置(默认为 0)则永不超时
|
||||
```
|
||||
#### del
|
||||
|
||||
#### rm
|
||||
删除某个键值。例如
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ etcdctl rm testkey
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
当键不存在时,则会报错。例如
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ etcdctl rm testkey2
|
||||
Error: 100: Key not found (/testkey2) [8]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
支持的选项为
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
--dir 如果键是个空目录或者键值对则删除
|
||||
--recursive 删除目录和所有子键
|
||||
--with-value 检查现有的值是否匹配
|
||||
--with-index '0' 检查现有的 index 是否匹配
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### mk
|
||||
如果给定的键不存在,则创建一个新的键值。例如
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ etcdctl mk /testdir/testkey "Hello world"
|
||||
Hello world
|
||||
```
|
||||
当键存在的时候,执行该命令会报错,例如
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ etcdctl set testkey "Hello world"
|
||||
Hello world
|
||||
$ ./etcdctl mk testkey "Hello world"
|
||||
Error: 105: Key already exists (/testkey) [2]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
支持的选项为
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
--ttl '0' 超时时间(单位为秒),不配置(默认为 0)则永不超时
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### mkdir
|
||||
如果给定的键目录不存在,则创建一个新的键目录。例如
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ etcdctl mkdir testdir
|
||||
```
|
||||
当键目录存在的时候,执行该命令会报错,例如
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ etcdctl mkdir testdir
|
||||
$ etcdctl mkdir testdir
|
||||
Error: 105: Key already exists (/testdir) [7]
|
||||
```
|
||||
支持的选项为
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
--ttl '0' 超时时间(单位为秒),不配置(默认为 0)则永不超时
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### setdir
|
||||
|
||||
创建一个键目录,无论存在与否。
|
||||
|
||||
支持的选项为
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
--ttl '0' 超时时间(单位为秒),不配置(默认为 0)则永不超时
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### updatedir
|
||||
更新一个已经存在的目录。
|
||||
支持的选项为
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
--ttl '0' 超时时间(单位为秒),不配置(默认为 0)则永不超时
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### rmdir
|
||||
删除一个空目录,或者键值对。
|
||||
|
||||
若目录不空,会报错
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ etcdctl set /dir/testkey hi
|
||||
hi
|
||||
$ etcdctl rmdir /dir
|
||||
Error: 108: Directory not empty (/dir) [13]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### ls
|
||||
列出目录(默认为根目录)下的键或者子目录,默认不显示子目录中内容。
|
||||
|
||||
例如
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ ./etcdctl set testkey 'hi'
|
||||
hi
|
||||
$ ./etcdctl set dir/test 'hello'
|
||||
hello
|
||||
$ ./etcdctl ls
|
||||
/testkey
|
||||
/dir
|
||||
$ ./etcdctl ls dir
|
||||
/dir/test
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
支持的选项包括
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
--sort 将输出结果排序
|
||||
--recursive 如果目录下有子目录,则递归输出其中的内容
|
||||
-p 对于输出为目录,在最后添加 `/` 进行区分
|
||||
$ etcdctl del testkey
|
||||
1
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 非数据库操作
|
||||
|
||||
#### backup
|
||||
备份 etcd 的数据。
|
||||
|
||||
支持的选项包括
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
--data-dir etcd 的数据目录
|
||||
--backup-dir 备份到指定路径
|
||||
```
|
||||
#### watch
|
||||
|
||||
监测一个键值的变化,一旦键值发生更新,就会输出最新的值并退出。
|
||||
|
||||
例如,用户更新 testkey 键值为 Hello world。
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ etcdctl watch testkey
|
||||
Hello world
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
支持的选项包括
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
|
||||
--forever 一直监测,直到用户按 `CTRL+C` 退出
|
||||
--after-index '0' 在指定 index 之前一直监测
|
||||
--recursive 返回所有的键值和子键值
|
||||
```
|
||||
#### exec-watch
|
||||
监测一个键值的变化,一旦键值发生更新,就执行给定命令。
|
||||
|
||||
例如,用户更新 testkey 键值。
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$etcdctl exec-watch testkey -- sh -c 'ls'
|
||||
default.etcd
|
||||
Documentation
|
||||
etcd
|
||||
etcdctl
|
||||
etcd-migrate
|
||||
README-etcdctl.md
|
||||
README.md
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
支持的选项包括
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
--after-index '0' 在指定 index 之前一直监测
|
||||
|
||||
--recursive 返回所有的键值和子键值
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### member
|
||||
通过 list、add、remove 命令列出、添加、删除 etcd 实例到 etcd 集群中。
|
||||
|
||||
通过 `list`、`add`、`update`、`remove` 命令列出、添加、更新、删除 etcd 实例到 etcd 集群中。
|
||||
|
||||
例如本地启动一个 etcd 服务实例后,可以用如下命令进行查看。
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ etcdctl member list
|
||||
ce2a822cea30bfca: name=default peerURLs=http://localhost:2380,http://localhost:7001 clientURLs=http://localhost:2379,http://localhost:4001
|
||||
|
||||
422a74f03b622fef, started, node1, http://172.16.238.100:2380, http://172.16.238.100:23
|
||||
```
|
||||
### 命令选项
|
||||
* `--debug` 输出 cURL 命令,显示执行命令的时候发起的请求
|
||||
* `--no-sync` 发出请求之前不同步集群信息
|
||||
* `--output, -o 'simple'` 输出内容的格式 (`simple` 为原始信息,`json` 为进行json格式解码,易读性好一些)
|
||||
* `--peers, -C` 指定集群中的同伴信息,用逗号隔开 (默认为: "127.0.0.1:4001")
|
||||
* `--cert-file` HTTPS 下客户端使用的 SSL 证书文件
|
||||
* `--key-file` HTTPS 下客户端使用的 SSL 密钥文件
|
||||
* `--ca-file` 服务端使用 HTTPS 时,使用 CA 文件进行验证
|
||||
* `--help, -h` 显示帮助命令信息
|
||||
* `--version, -v` 打印版本信息
|
||||
|
103
etcd/install.md
103
etcd/install.md
@ -1,78 +1,97 @@
|
||||
## 安装
|
||||
|
||||
etcd 基于 Go 语言实现,因此,用户可以从 [项目主页](https://github.com/coreos/etcd) 下载源代码自行编译,也可以下载编译好的二进制文件,甚至直接使用制作好的 Docker 镜像文件来体验。
|
||||
`etcd` 基于 Go 语言实现,因此,用户可以从 [项目主页](https://github.com/coreos/etcd) 下载源代码自行编译,也可以下载编译好的二进制文件,甚至直接使用制作好的 Docker 镜像文件来体验。
|
||||
|
||||
>注意:本章节内容基于 etcd `3.x` 版本
|
||||
|
||||
### 二进制文件方式下载
|
||||
|
||||
编译好的二进制文件都在 [github.com/coreos/etcd/releases](https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases/) 页面,用户可以选择需要的版本,或通过下载工具下载。
|
||||
|
||||
例如,下面的命令使用 curl 工具下载压缩包,并解压。
|
||||
例如,使用 `curl` 工具下载压缩包,并解压。
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
curl -L https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases/download/v2.0.0-rc.1/etcd-v2.0.0-rc.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz -o etcd-v2.0.0-rc.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
|
||||
tar xzvf etcd-v2.0.0-rc.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
|
||||
cd etcd-v2.0.0-rc.1-linux-amd64
|
||||
$ curl -L https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases/download/v3.2.10/etcd-v3.2.10-linux-amd64.tar.gz -o etcd-v3.2.10-linux-amd64.tar.gz
|
||||
$ tar xzvf etcd-v3.2.10-linux-amd64.tar.gz
|
||||
$ cd etcd-v3.2.10-linux-amd64
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
解压后,可以看到文件包括
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ ls
|
||||
etcd etcdctl etcd-migrate README-etcdctl.md README.md
|
||||
Documentation README-etcdctl.md README.md READMEv2-etcdctl.md etcd etcdctl
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
其中 etcd 是服务主文件,etcdctl 是提供给用户的命令客户端,etcd-migrate 负责进行迁移。
|
||||
其中 `etcd` 是服务主文件,`etcdctl` 是提供给用户的命令客户端,其他文件是支持文档。
|
||||
|
||||
推荐通过下面的命令将三个文件都放到系统可执行目录 `/usr/local/bin/` 或 `/usr/bin/`。
|
||||
下面将 `etcd` `etcdctl` 文件放到系统可执行目录(例如 `/usr/local/bin/`)。
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ sudo cp etcd* /usr/local/bin/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
运行 etcd,将默认组建一个两个节点的集群。数据库服务端默认监听在 2379 和 4001 端口,etcd 实例监听在 2380 和 7001 端口。显示类似如下的信息:
|
||||
默认 `2379` 端口处理客户端的请求,`2380` 端口用于集群各成员间的通信。启动 etcd 显示类似如下的信息:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ ./etcd
|
||||
2014/12/31 14:52:09 no data-dir provided, using default data-dir ./default.etcd
|
||||
2014/12/31 14:52:09 etcd: listening for peers on http://localhost:2380
|
||||
2014/12/31 14:52:09 etcd: listening for peers on http://localhost:7001
|
||||
2014/12/31 14:52:09 etcd: listening for client requests on http://localhost:2379
|
||||
2014/12/31 14:52:09 etcd: listening for client requests on http://localhost:4001
|
||||
2014/12/31 14:52:09 etcdserver: name = default
|
||||
2014/12/31 14:52:09 etcdserver: data dir = default.etcd
|
||||
2014/12/31 14:52:09 etcdserver: snapshot count = 10000
|
||||
2014/12/31 14:52:09 etcdserver: advertise client URLs = http://localhost:2379,http://localhost:4001
|
||||
2014/12/31 14:52:09 etcdserver: initial advertise peer URLs = http://localhost:2380,http://localhost:7001
|
||||
2014/12/31 14:52:09 etcdserver: initial cluster = default=http://localhost:2380,default=http://localhost:7001
|
||||
2014/12/31 14:52:10 etcdserver: start member ce2a822cea30bfca in cluster 7e27652122e8b2ae
|
||||
2014/12/31 14:52:10 raft: ce2a822cea30bfca became follower at term 0
|
||||
2014/12/31 14:52:10 raft: newRaft ce2a822cea30bfca [peers: [], term: 0, commit: 0, lastindex: 0, lastterm: 0]
|
||||
2014/12/31 14:52:10 raft: ce2a822cea30bfca became follower at term 1
|
||||
2014/12/31 14:52:10 etcdserver: added local member ce2a822cea30bfca [http://localhost:2380 http://localhost:7001] to cluster 7e27652122e8b2ae
|
||||
2014/12/31 14:52:11 raft: ce2a822cea30bfca is starting a new election at term 1
|
||||
2014/12/31 14:52:11 raft: ce2a822cea30bfca became candidate at term 2
|
||||
2014/12/31 14:52:11 raft: ce2a822cea30bfca received vote from ce2a822cea30bfca at term 2
|
||||
2014/12/31 14:52:11 raft: ce2a822cea30bfca became leader at term 2
|
||||
2014/12/31 14:52:11 raft.node: ce2a822cea30bfca elected leader ce2a822cea30bfca at term 2
|
||||
2014/12/31 14:52:11 etcdserver: published {Name:default ClientURLs:[http://localhost:2379 http://localhost:4001]} to cluster 7e27652122e8b2ae
|
||||
$ etcd
|
||||
2017-12-03 11:18:34.406082 I | etcdmain: etcd Version: 3.2.10
|
||||
2017-12-03 11:18:34.406226 I | etcdmain: Git SHA: GitNotFound
|
||||
2017-12-03 11:18:34.406235 I | etcdmain: Go Version: go1.9.2
|
||||
2017-12-03 11:18:34.406242 I | etcdmain: Go OS/Arch: darwin/amd64
|
||||
2017-12-03 11:18:34.406250 I | etcdmain: setting maximum number of CPUs to 4, total number of available CPUs is 4
|
||||
2017-12-03 11:18:34.406265 N | etcdmain: failed to detect default host (default host not supported on darwin_amd64)
|
||||
2017-12-03 11:18:34.406279 W | etcdmain: no data-dir provided, using default data-dir ./default.etcd
|
||||
2017-12-03 11:18:34.406457 N | etcdmain: the server is already initialized as member before, starting as etcd member...
|
||||
2017-12-03 11:18:34.411579 I | embed: listening for peers on http://localhost:2380
|
||||
2017-12-03 11:18:34.411938 I | embed: listening for client requests on localhost:2379
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
此时,可以使用 etcdctl 命令进行测试,设置和获取键值 `testkey: "hello world"`,检查 etcd 服务是否启动成功:
|
||||
此时,可以使用 `etcdctl` 命令进行测试,设置和获取键值 `testkey: "hello world"`,检查 etcd 服务是否启动成功:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ ./etcdctl set testkey "hello world"
|
||||
hello world
|
||||
$ ./etcdctl get testkey
|
||||
$ etcdctl member list
|
||||
8e9e05c52164694d, started, default, http://localhost:2380, http://localhost:2379
|
||||
|
||||
$ etcdctl put testkey "hello world"
|
||||
OK
|
||||
|
||||
$ etcdctl get testkey
|
||||
testkey
|
||||
hello world
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
说明 etcd 服务已经成功启动了。
|
||||
|
||||
当然,也可以通过 HTTP 访问本地 2379 或 4001 端口的方式来进行操作,例如查看 `testkey` 的值:
|
||||
### Docker 镜像方式运行
|
||||
|
||||
镜像名称为 `quay.io/coreos/etcd`,可以通过下面的命令启动 `etcd` 服务监听到 `2379` 和 `2380` 端口。
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ curl -L http://localhost:4001/v2/keys/testkey
|
||||
{"action":"get","node":{"key":"/testkey","value":"hello world","modifiedIndex":3,"createdIndex":3}}
|
||||
$ export NODE1=192.168.1.21
|
||||
|
||||
$ docker run --name etcd \
|
||||
-p 2379:2379 \
|
||||
-p 2380:2380 \
|
||||
--volume=etcd-data:/etcd-data \
|
||||
quay.io/coreos/etcd:latest \
|
||||
/usr/local/bin/etcd \
|
||||
--data-dir=/etcd-data --name node1 \
|
||||
--initial-advertise-peer-urls http://${NODE1}:2380 --listen-peer-urls http://0.0.0.0:2380 \
|
||||
--advertise-client-urls http://${NODE1}:2379 --listen-client-urls http://0.0.0.0:2379 \
|
||||
--initial-cluster node1=http://${NODE1}:2380
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Docker 镜像方式下载
|
||||
>注意:etcd 官方标注 `quay.io/coreos/etcd` 即将废弃,启用新的 `gcr.io/etcd-development/etcd` 镜像,但后者由于网络原因,国内不能下载到该镜像,这里仍然使用前者作为演示。
|
||||
|
||||
打开新的终端按照上一步的方法测试 etcd 是否成功启动。
|
||||
|
||||
### macOS 中运行
|
||||
|
||||
镜像名称为 quay.io/coreos/etcd:v2.0.0_rc.1,可以通过下面的命令启动 etcd 服务监听到 4001 端口。
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ docker run -p 4001:4001 -v /etc/ssl/certs/:/etc/ssl/certs/ quay.io/coreos/etcd:v2.0.0_rc.1
|
||||
$ brew install etcd
|
||||
|
||||
$ etcd
|
||||
|
||||
$ etcdctl member list
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
@ -2,18 +2,24 @@
|
||||
|
||||
![](_images/etcd_logo.png)
|
||||
|
||||
etcd 是 CoreOS 团队于 2013 年 6 月发起的开源项目,它的目标是构建一个高可用的分布式键值(key-value)数据库,基于 Go 语言实现。我们知道,在分布式系统中,各种服务的配置信息的管理分享,服务的发现是一个很基本同时也是很重要的问题。CoreOS 项目就希望基于 etcd 来解决这一问题。
|
||||
`etcd` 是 `CoreOS` 团队于 2013 年 6 月发起的开源项目,它的目标是构建一个高可用的分布式键值(key-value)数据库,基于 Go 语言实现。我们知道,在分布式系统中,各种服务的配置信息的管理分享,服务的发现是一个很基本同时也是很重要的问题。`CoreOS` 项目就希望基于 `etcd` 来解决这一问题。
|
||||
|
||||
etcd 目前在 [github.com/coreos/etcd](https://github.com/coreos/etcd) 进行维护。
|
||||
`etcd` 目前在 [github.com/coreos/etcd](https://github.com/coreos/etcd) 进行维护。
|
||||
|
||||
受到 [Apache ZooKeeper](http://zookeeper.apache.org/) 项目和 [doozer](https://github.com/ha/doozerd) 项目的启发,etcd 在设计的时候重点考虑了下面四个要素:
|
||||
* 简单:支持 REST 风格的 HTTP+JSON API
|
||||
* 安全:支持 HTTPS 方式的访问
|
||||
* 快速:支持并发 1k/s 的写操作
|
||||
* 可靠:支持分布式结构,基于 Raft 的一致性算法
|
||||
受到 [Apache ZooKeeper](http://zookeeper.apache.org/) 项目和 [doozer](https://github.com/ha/doozerd) 项目的启发,`etcd` 在设计的时候重点考虑了下面四个要素:
|
||||
|
||||
*注:Apache ZooKeeper 是一套知名的分布式系统中进行同步和一致性管理的工具。*
|
||||
*注:doozer 则是一个一致性分布式数据库。*
|
||||
*注:Raft 是一套通过选举主节点来实现分布式系统一致性的算法,相比于大名鼎鼎的 Paxos 算法,它的过程更容易被人理解,由 Stanford 大学的 Diego Ongaro 和 John Ousterhout 提出。更多细节可以参考 [raftconsensus.github.io](http://raftconsensus.github.io)。*
|
||||
* 简单:支持 `REST` 风格的 `HTTP+JSON API`
|
||||
|
||||
一般情况下,用户使用 etcd 可以在多个节点上启动多个实例,并添加它们为一个集群。同一个集群中的 etcd 实例将会保持彼此信息的一致性。
|
||||
* 安全:支持 `HTTPS` 方式的访问
|
||||
|
||||
* 快速:支持并发 `10 k/s` 的写操作
|
||||
|
||||
* 可靠:支持分布式结构,基于 `Raft` 的一致性算法
|
||||
|
||||
*Apache ZooKeeper 是一套知名的分布式系统中进行同步和一致性管理的工具。*
|
||||
|
||||
*doozer 是一个一致性分布式数据库。*
|
||||
|
||||
*[Raft](https://raft.github.io/) 是一套通过选举主节点来实现分布式系统一致性的算法,相比于大名鼎鼎的 Paxos 算法,它的过程更容易被人理解,由 Stanford 大学的 Diego Ongaro 和 John Ousterhout 提出。更多细节可以参考 [raftconsensus.github.io](http://raftconsensus.github.io)。*
|
||||
|
||||
一般情况下,用户使用 `etcd` 可以在多个节点上启动多个实例,并添加它们为一个集群。同一个集群中的 `etcd` 实例将会保持彼此信息的一致性。
|
||||
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user