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Update etcd to 3.x #275

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2017-12-03 13:57:02 +08:00
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## 安装
etcd 基于 Go 语言实现，因此，用户可以从 [项目主页](https://github.com/coreos/etcd) 下载源代码自行编译，也可以下载编译好的二进制文件，甚至直接使用制作好的 Docker 镜像文件来体验。
`etcd` 基于 Go 语言实现，因此，用户可以从 [项目主页](https://github.com/coreos/etcd) 下载源代码自行编译，也可以下载编译好的二进制文件，甚至直接使用制作好的 Docker 镜像文件来体验。
>注意：本章节内容基于 etcd `3.x` 版本
### 二进制文件方式下载
编译好的二进制文件都在 [github.com/coreos/etcd/releases](https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases/) 页面，用户可以选择需要的版本，或通过下载工具下载。
例如，下面的命令使用 curl 工具下载压缩包，并解压。
例如，使用 `curl` 工具下载压缩包，并解压。
```bash
curl -L https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases/download/v2.0.0-rc.1/etcd-v2.0.0-rc.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz -o etcd-v2.0.0-rc.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar xzvf etcd-v2.0.0-rc.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd etcd-v2.0.0-rc.1-linux-amd64
$ curl -L https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases/download/v3.2.10/etcd-v3.2.10-linux-amd64.tar.gz -o etcd-v3.2.10-linux-amd64.tar.gz
$ tar xzvf etcd-v3.2.10-linux-amd64.tar.gz
$ cd etcd-v3.2.10-linux-amd64
```
解压后，可以看到文件包括
```bash
$ ls
etcd etcdctl etcd-migrate README-etcdctl.md README.md
Documentation README-etcdctl.md README.md READMEv2-etcdctl.md etcd etcdctl
```
其中 etcd 是服务主文件，etcdctl 是提供给用户的命令客户端，etcd-migrate 负责进行迁移。
其中 `etcd` 是服务主文件，`etcdctl` 是提供给用户的命令客户端，其他文件是支持文档。
推荐通过下面的命令将三个文件都放到系统可执行目录 `/usr/local/bin/` 或 `/usr/bin/`。
下面将 `etcd` `etcdctl` 文件放到系统可执行目录（例如 `/usr/local/bin/`）。
```bash
$ sudo cp etcd* /usr/local/bin/
```
运行 etcd，将默认组建一个两个节点的集群。数据库服务端默认监听在 2379 和 4001 端口，etcd 实例监听在 2380 和 7001 端口。显示类似如下的信息：
默认 `2379` 端口处理客户端的请求，`2380` 端口用于集群各成员间的通信。启动 etcd 显示类似如下的信息：
```bash
$ ./etcd
2014/12/31 14:52:09 no data-dir provided, using default data-dir ./default.etcd
2014/12/31 14:52:09 etcd: listening for peers on http://localhost:2380
2014/12/31 14:52:09 etcd: listening for peers on http://localhost:7001
2014/12/31 14:52:09 etcd: listening for client requests on http://localhost:2379
2014/12/31 14:52:09 etcd: listening for client requests on http://localhost:4001
2014/12/31 14:52:09 etcdserver: name = default
2014/12/31 14:52:09 etcdserver: data dir = default.etcd
2014/12/31 14:52:09 etcdserver: snapshot count = 10000
2014/12/31 14:52:09 etcdserver: advertise client URLs = http://localhost:2379,http://localhost:4001
2014/12/31 14:52:09 etcdserver: initial advertise peer URLs = http://localhost:2380,http://localhost:7001
2014/12/31 14:52:09 etcdserver: initial cluster = default=http://localhost:2380,default=http://localhost:7001
2014/12/31 14:52:10 etcdserver: start member ce2a822cea30bfca in cluster 7e27652122e8b2ae
2014/12/31 14:52:10 raft: ce2a822cea30bfca became follower at term 0
2014/12/31 14:52:10 raft: newRaft ce2a822cea30bfca [peers: [], term: 0, commit: 0, lastindex: 0, lastterm: 0]
2014/12/31 14:52:10 raft: ce2a822cea30bfca became follower at term 1
2014/12/31 14:52:10 etcdserver: added local member ce2a822cea30bfca [http://localhost:2380 http://localhost:7001] to cluster 7e27652122e8b2ae
2014/12/31 14:52:11 raft: ce2a822cea30bfca is starting a new election at term 1
2014/12/31 14:52:11 raft: ce2a822cea30bfca became candidate at term 2
2014/12/31 14:52:11 raft: ce2a822cea30bfca received vote from ce2a822cea30bfca at term 2
2014/12/31 14:52:11 raft: ce2a822cea30bfca became leader at term 2
2014/12/31 14:52:11 raft.node: ce2a822cea30bfca elected leader ce2a822cea30bfca at term 2
2014/12/31 14:52:11 etcdserver: published {Name:default ClientURLs:[http://localhost:2379 http://localhost:4001]} to cluster 7e27652122e8b2ae
$ etcd
2017-12-03 11:18:34.406082 I | etcdmain: etcd Version: 3.2.10
2017-12-03 11:18:34.406226 I | etcdmain: Git SHA: GitNotFound
2017-12-03 11:18:34.406235 I | etcdmain: Go Version: go1.9.2
2017-12-03 11:18:34.406242 I | etcdmain: Go OS/Arch: darwin/amd64
2017-12-03 11:18:34.406250 I | etcdmain: setting maximum number of CPUs to 4, total number of available CPUs is 4
2017-12-03 11:18:34.406265 N | etcdmain: failed to detect default host (default host not supported on darwin_amd64)
2017-12-03 11:18:34.406279 W | etcdmain: no data-dir provided, using default data-dir ./default.etcd
2017-12-03 11:18:34.406457 N | etcdmain: the server is already initialized as member before, starting as etcd member...
2017-12-03 11:18:34.411579 I | embed: listening for peers on http://localhost:2380
2017-12-03 11:18:34.411938 I | embed: listening for client requests on localhost:2379
```
此时，可以使用 etcdctl 命令进行测试，设置和获取键值 `testkey: "hello world"`，检查 etcd 服务是否启动成功：
此时，可以使用 `etcdctl` 命令进行测试，设置和获取键值 `testkey: "hello world"`，检查 etcd 服务是否启动成功：
```bash
$ ./etcdctl set testkey "hello world"
hello world
$ ./etcdctl get testkey
$ etcdctl member list
8e9e05c52164694d, started, default, http://localhost:2380, http://localhost:2379
$ etcdctl put testkey "hello world"
OK
$ etcdctl get testkey
testkey
hello world
```
说明 etcd 服务已经成功启动了。
当然，也可以通过 HTTP 访问本地 2379 或 4001 端口的方式来进行操作，例如查看 `testkey` 的值：
### Docker 镜像方式运行
镜像名称为 `quay.io/coreos/etcd`，可以通过下面的命令启动 `etcd` 服务监听到 `2379` 和 `2380` 端口。
```bash
$ curl -L http://localhost:4001/v2/keys/testkey
{"action":"get","node":{"key":"/testkey","value":"hello world","modifiedIndex":3,"createdIndex":3}}
$ export NODE1=192.168.1.21
$ docker run --name etcd \
-p 2379:2379 \
-p 2380:2380 \
--volume=etcd-data:/etcd-data \
quay.io/coreos/etcd:latest \
/usr/local/bin/etcd \
--data-dir=/etcd-data --name node1 \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls http://${NODE1}:2380 --listen-peer-urls http://0.0.0.0:2380 \
--advertise-client-urls http://${NODE1}:2379 --listen-client-urls http://0.0.0.0:2379 \
--initial-cluster node1=http://${NODE1}:2380
```
### Docker 镜像方式下载
>注意：etcd 官方标注 `quay.io/coreos/etcd` 即将废弃，启用新的 `gcr.io/etcd-development/etcd` 镜像，但后者由于网络原因，国内不能下载到该镜像，这里仍然使用前者作为演示。
打开新的终端按照上一步的方法测试 etcd 是否成功启动。
### macOS 中运行
镜像名称为 quay.io/coreos/etcd:v2.0.0_rc.1，可以通过下面的命令启动 etcd 服务监听到 4001 端口。
```bash
$ docker run -p 4001:4001 -v /etc/ssl/certs/:/etc/ssl/certs/ quay.io/coreos/etcd:v2.0.0_rc.1
$ brew install etcd
$ etcd
$ etcdctl member list
```