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163 lines
5.2 KiB
Markdown
163 lines
5.2 KiB
Markdown
## 安装与卸载
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Compose 目前支持 Linux、macOS、Windows 10 三大平台。
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Compose 可以通过 Python 的包管理工具 pip 进行安装，也可以直接下载编译好的二进制文件使用，甚至直接运行在 Docker 容器中。
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前两种方式是传统方式，适合本地环境下安装使用；最后一种方式则不破坏系统环境，更适合云计算场景。
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### PIP 安装
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这种方式是将 Compose 当作一个 Python 应用来从 pip 源中安装。
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执行安装命令：
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```bash
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$ sudo pip install -U docker-compose
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```
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可以看到类似如下输出，说明安装成功。
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```bash
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Collecting docker-compose
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Downloading docker-compose-1.8.0.tar.gz (149kB): 149kB downloaded
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...
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Successfully installed docker-compose cached-property requests texttable websocket-client docker-py dockerpty six enum34 backports.ssl-match-hostname ipaddress
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```
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安装成功后，可以查看 `docker-compose` 命令的用法。
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```bash
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$ docker-compose -h
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Define and run multi-container applications with Docker.
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Usage:
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docker-compose [-f=<arg>...] [options] [COMMAND] [ARGS...]
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docker-compose -h|--help
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Options:
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-f, --file FILE Specify an alternate compose file (default: docker-compose.yml)
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-p, --project-name NAME Specify an alternate project name (default: directory name)
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--x-networking (EXPERIMENTAL) Use new Docker networking functionality.
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Requires Docker 1.9 or later.
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--x-network-driver DRIVER (EXPERIMENTAL) Specify a network driver (default: "bridge").
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Requires Docker 1.9 or later.
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--verbose Show more output
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-v, --version Print version and exit
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Commands:
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build Build or rebuild services
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help Get help on a command
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kill Kill containers
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logs View output from containers
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pause Pause services
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port Print the public port for a port binding
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ps List containers
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pull Pulls service images
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restart Restart services
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rm Remove stopped containers
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run Run a one-off command
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scale Set number of containers for a service
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start Start services
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stop Stop services
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unpause Unpause services
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up Create and start containers
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migrate-to-labels Recreate containers to add labels
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version Show the Docker-Compose version information
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```
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之后，可以添加 bash 补全命令。
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```bash
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$ curl -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/docker/compose/1.8.0/contrib/completion/bash/docker-compose > /etc/bash_completion.d/docker-compose
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```
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### 二进制包
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官方定义编译好二进制包，供大家使用。这些发布的二进制包可以在 [https://github.com/docker/compose/releases](https://github.com/docker/compose/releases) 页面找到。
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这些二进制文件，下载后直接放到执行路径下，并添加执行权限即可。
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例如，在 Linux 和 macOS 平台上。
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```bash
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$ sudo curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.8.0/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` > /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
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$ sudo chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
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```
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可以使用 `docker-compose version` 命令来查看版本信息，以测试是否安装成功。
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```bash
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$ docker-compose version
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docker-compose version 1.8.0, build 94f7016
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docker-py version: 1.9.0
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CPython version: 2.7.6
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OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.0.1f 6 Jan 2014
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```
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### 容器中执行
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Compose 既然是一个 Python 应用，自然也可以直接用容器来执行它。
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```bash
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$ curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.8.0/run.sh > /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
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$ chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
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```
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实际上，查看下载的 `run.sh` 脚本内容，如下
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```bash
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set -e
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VERSION="1.8.0"
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IMAGE="docker/compose:$VERSION"
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# Setup options for connecting to docker host
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if [ -z "$DOCKER_HOST" ]; then
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DOCKER_HOST="/var/run/docker.sock"
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fi
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if [ -S "$DOCKER_HOST" ]; then
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DOCKER_ADDR="-v $DOCKER_HOST:$DOCKER_HOST -e DOCKER_HOST"
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else
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DOCKER_ADDR="-e DOCKER_HOST -e DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY -e DOCKER_CERT_PATH"
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fi
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# Setup volume mounts for compose config and context
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if [ "$(pwd)" != '/' ]; then
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VOLUMES="-v $(pwd):$(pwd)"
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fi
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if [ -n "$COMPOSE_FILE" ]; then
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compose_dir=$(dirname $COMPOSE_FILE)
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fi
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# TODO: also check --file argument
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if [ -n "$compose_dir" ]; then
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VOLUMES="$VOLUMES -v $compose_dir:$compose_dir"
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fi
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if [ -n "$HOME" ]; then
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VOLUMES="$VOLUMES -v $HOME:$HOME -v $HOME:/root" # mount $HOME in /root to share docker.config
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fi
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# Only allocate tty if we detect one
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if [ -t 1 ]; then
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DOCKER_RUN_OPTIONS="-t"
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fi
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if [ -t 0 ]; then
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DOCKER_RUN_OPTIONS="$DOCKER_RUN_OPTIONS -i"
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fi
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exec docker run --rm $DOCKER_RUN_OPTIONS $DOCKER_ADDR $COMPOSE_OPTIONS $VOLUMES -w "$(pwd)" $IMAGE "$@"
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```
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可以看到，它其实是下载了 `docker/compose` 镜像并运行。
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### 卸载
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如果是二进制包方式安装的，删除二进制文件即可。
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```bash
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$ sudo rm /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
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```
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如果是通过 python pip 工具安装的，则可以执行如下命令删除。
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```bash
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$ sudo pip uninstall docker-compose
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```
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