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77 lines
2.1 KiB
Markdown
77 lines
2.1 KiB
Markdown
## 基本結構
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Dockerfile 由一行行命令語句組成，並且支援以 `#` 開頭的註釋行。
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一般而言，Dockerfile 分為四部分：基底映像檔資訊、維護者資訊、映像檔操作指令和容器啟動時執行指令。
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例如
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```
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# This dockerfile uses the ubuntu image
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# VERSION 2 - EDITION 1
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# Author: docker_user
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# Command format: Instruction [arguments / command] ..
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# 基本映像檔，必須是第一個指令
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FROM ubuntu
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# 維護者： docker_user <docker_user at email.com> (@docker_user)
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MAINTAINER docker_user docker_user@email.com
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# 更新映像檔的指令
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RUN echo "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring main universe" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
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RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y nginx
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RUN echo "\ndaemon off;" >> /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
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# 建立新容器時要執行的指令
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CMD /usr/sbin/nginx
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```
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其中，一開始必須指明作為基底的映像檔名稱，接下來說明維護者資訊（建議）。
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接著則是映像檔操作指令，例如 `RUN` 指令，`RUN` 指令將對映像檔執行相對應的命令。每運行一條 `RUN` 指令，映像檔就會新增一層。
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最後是 `CMD` 指令，指定執行容器時的操作命令。
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下面來看一個更複雜的例子
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```
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# Nginx
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#
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# VERSION 0.0.1
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FROM ubuntu
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MAINTAINER Victor Vieux <victor@docker.com>
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RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y inotify-tools nginx apache2 openssh-server
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# Firefox over VNC
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#
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# VERSION 0.3
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FROM ubuntu
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# Install vnc, xvfb in order to create a 'fake' display and firefox
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RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y x11vnc xvfb firefox
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RUN mkdir /.vnc
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# Setup a password
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RUN x11vnc -storepasswd 1234 ~/.vnc/passwd
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# Autostart firefox (might not be the best way, but it does the trick)
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RUN bash -c 'echo "firefox" >> /.bashrc'
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EXPOSE 5900
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CMD ["x11vnc", "-forever", "-usepw", "-create"]
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# Multiple images example
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#
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# VERSION 0.1
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FROM ubuntu
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RUN echo foo > bar
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# Will output something like ===> 907ad6c2736f
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FROM ubuntu
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RUN echo moo > oink
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# Will output something like ===> 695d7793cbe4
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# You᾿ll now have two images, 907ad6c2736f with /bar, and 695d7793cbe4 with
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# /oink.
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```
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