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180 lines
6.1 KiB
Go
180 lines
6.1 KiB
Go
# 树莓派卡片电脑安装 Docker
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>警告:切勿在没有配置 Docker APT 源的情况下直接使用 apt 命令安装 Docker.
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## 系统要求
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Docker 不仅支持 `x86_64` 架构的计算机,同时也支持 `ARM` 架构的计算机,本小节内容以树莓派单片电脑为例讲解 `ARM` 架构安装 Docker。
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Docker 支持以下版本的 [Raspberry Pi OS](https://www.raspberrypi.org/software/operating-systems/) 操作系统:
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* Raspberry Pi OS Buster
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* Raspberry Pi OS Bullseye
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* Raspberry Pi OS Bookworm
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*注:* `Raspberry Pi OS` 由树莓派的开发与维护机构 [树莓派基金会](https://www.raspberrypi.org/) 官方支持,并推荐用作树莓派的首选系统,其基于 `Debian`。
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## 使用 APT 安装
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由于 apt 源使用 HTTPS 以确保软件下载过程中不被篡改。因此,我们首先需要添加使用 HTTPS 传输的软件包以及 CA 证书。
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```bash
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$ sudo apt-get update
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$ sudo apt-get install \
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apt-transport-https \
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ca-certificates \
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curl \
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gnupg2 \
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lsb-release \
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software-properties-common
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```
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鉴于国内网络问题,强烈建议使用国内源,官方源请在注释中查看。
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为了确认所下载软件包的合法性,需要添加软件源的 GPG 密钥。
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```bash
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$ curl -fsSL https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/raspbian/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
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# 官方源
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# $ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/raspbian/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
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```
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然后,我们需要向 `sources.list` 中添加 Docker 软件源:
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```bash
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$ sudo add-apt-repository \
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"deb [arch=armhf] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/raspbian \
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$(lsb_release -cs) \
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stable"
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# 官方源
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# $ sudo add-apt-repository \
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# "deb [arch=armhf] https://download.docker.com/linux/raspbian \
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# $(lsb_release -cs) \
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# stable"
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```
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>以上命令会添加稳定版本的 Docker APT 源,如果需要测试版本的 Docker 请将 stable 改为 test。
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#### 报错解决办法
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在 `Raspberry Pi OS Bullseye/Bookworm` 中,添加 Docker 软件源的步骤可能会出现如下报错:
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```bash
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "/usr/bin/add-apt-repository", line 95, in <module>
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sp = SoftwareProperties(options=options)
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File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/softwareproperties/SoftwareProperties.py", line 109, in __init__
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self.reload_sourceslist()
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File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/softwareproperties/SoftwareProperties.py", line 599, in reload_sourceslist
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self.distro.get_sources(self.sourceslist)
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File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/aptsources/distro.py", line 91, in get_sources
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raise NoDistroTemplateException(
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aptsources.distro.NoDistroTemplateException: Error: could not find a distribution template for Raspbian/bullseye
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```
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通过以下命令手动添加镜像源到 `/etc/apt/sources.list` 文件中即可解决:
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```bash
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$ sudo echo "deb [arch=armhf] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/raspbian $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list
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# 官方源
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# $ sudo echo "deb [arch=armhf] https://download.docker.com/linux/raspbian $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list
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```
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### 安装 Docker
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更新 apt 软件包缓存,并安装 `docker-ce`。
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```bash
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$ sudo apt-get update
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$ sudo apt-get install docker-ce
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```
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## 使用脚本自动安装
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在测试或开发环境中 Docker 官方为了简化安装流程,提供了一套便捷的安装脚本,Raspberry Pi OS 系统上可以使用这套脚本安装,另外可以通过 `--mirror` 选项使用国内源进行安装:
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> 若你想安装测试版的 Docker, 请从 test.docker.com 获取脚本
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```bash
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# $ curl -fsSL test.docker.com -o get-docker.sh
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$ curl -fsSL get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh
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$ sudo sh get-docker.sh --mirror Aliyun
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# $ sudo sh get-docker.sh --mirror AzureChinaCloud
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```
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执行这个命令后,脚本就会自动的将一切准备工作做好,并且把 Docker 的稳定(stable)版本安装在系统中。
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## 启动 Docker
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```bash
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$ sudo systemctl enable docker
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$ sudo systemctl start docker
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```
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## 建立 docker 用户组
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默认情况下,`docker` 命令会使用 [Unix socket](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_domain_socket) 与 Docker 引擎通讯。而只有 `root` 用户和 `docker` 组的用户才可以访问 Docker 引擎的 Unix socket。出于安全考虑,一般 Linux 系统上不会直接使用 `root` 用户。因此,更好地做法是将需要使用 `docker` 的用户加入 `docker` 用户组。
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建立 `docker` 组:
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```bash
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$ sudo groupadd docker
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```
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将当前用户加入 `docker` 组:
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```bash
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$ sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
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```
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退出当前终端并重新登录,进行如下测试。
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## 测试 Docker 是否安装正确
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```bash
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$ docker run --rm hello-world
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Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
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latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
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4ee5c797bcd7: Pull complete
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Digest: sha256:308866a43596e83578c7dfa15e27a73011bdd402185a84c5cd7f32a88b501a24
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Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
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Hello from Docker!
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This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
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To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
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1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
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2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
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(arm32v7)
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3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
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executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
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4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
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to your terminal.
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To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
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$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
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Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
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https://hub.docker.com/
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For more examples and ideas, visit:
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https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
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```
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若能正常输出以上信息,则说明安装成功。
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*注意:* ARM 平台不能使用 `x86` 镜像,查看 Raspberry Pi OS 可使用镜像请访问 [arm32v7](https://hub.docker.com/u/arm32v7/) 或者 [arm64v8](https://hub.docker.com/u/arm64v8/)。
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## 镜像加速
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如果在使用过程中发现拉取 Docker 镜像十分缓慢,可以配置 Docker [国内镜像加速](mirror.md)。
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