222 lines
5.2 KiB
Markdown
222 lines
5.2 KiB
Markdown
## 实战多阶段构建 Laravel 镜像
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> 本节适用于 PHP 开发者阅读。
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### 准备
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新建一个 `Laravel` 项目或在已有的 `Laravel` 项目根目录下新建 `Dockerfile` `.dockerignore` `laravel.conf` 文件。
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在 `.dockerignore` 文件中写入以下内容。
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```bash
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.idea/
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.git/
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vendor/
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node_modules/
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public/js/
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public/css/
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yarn-error.log
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bootstrap/cache/*
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storage/
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# 自行添加其他需要排除的文件，例如 .env.* 文件
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```
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在 `laravel.conf` 文件中写入 nginx 配置。
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```nginx
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server {
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listen 80 default_server;
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root /app/laravel/public;
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index index.php index.html;
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location / {
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try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
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}
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location ~ .*\.php(\/.*)*$ {
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fastcgi_pass laravel:9000;
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include fastcgi.conf;
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# fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
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# fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
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# fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
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}
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}
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```
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### 前端构建
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第一阶段进行前端构建。
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```dockerfile
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FROM node:alpine as frontend
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COPY package.json /app/
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RUN cd /app \
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&& npm install --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org
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COPY webpack.mix.js /app/
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COPY resources/assets/ /app/resources/assets/
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RUN cd /app \
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&& npm run production
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```
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### 安装 Composer 依赖
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第二阶段安装 Composer 依赖。
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```dockerfile
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FROM composer as composer
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COPY database/ /app/database/
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COPY composer.json composer.lock /app/
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RUN cd /app \
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&& composer config -g repo.packagist composer https://packagist.laravel-china.org \
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&& composer install \
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--ignore-platform-reqs \
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--no-interaction \
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--no-plugins \
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--no-scripts \
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--prefer-dist
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```
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### 整合以上阶段所生成的文件
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第三阶段对以上阶段生成的文件进行整合。
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```dockerfile
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FROM php:7.2-fpm-alpine as laravel
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ARG LARAVEL_PATH=/app/laravel
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COPY --from=composer /app/vendor/ ${LARAVEL_PATH}/vendor/
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COPY . ${LARAVEL_PATH}
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COPY --from=frontend /app/public/js/ ${LARAVEL_PATH}/public/js/
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COPY --from=frontend /app/public/css/ ${LARAVEL_PATH}/public/css/
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COPY --from=frontend /app/mix-manifest.json ${LARAVEL_PATH}/mix-manifest.json
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RUN cd ${LARAVEL_PATH} \
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&& php artisan package:discover \
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&& mkdir -p storage \
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&& mkdir -p storage/framework/cache \
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&& mkdir -p storage/framework/sessions \
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&& mkdir -p storage/framework/testing \
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&& mkdir -p storage/framework/views \
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&& mkdir -p storage/logs \
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&& chmod -R 777 storage
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```
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### 最后一个阶段构建 NGINX 镜像
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```dockerfile
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FROM nginx:alpine as nginx
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ARG LARAVEL_PATH=/app/laravel
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COPY laravel.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/
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COPY --from=laravel ${LARAVEL_PATH}/public ${LARAVEL_PATH}/public
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```
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### 构建 Laravel 及 Nginx 镜像
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使用 `docker build` 命令构建镜像。
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```bash
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$ docker build -t my/laravel --target=laravel .
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$ docker build -t my/nginx --target=nginx .
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```
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### 启动容器并测试
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新建 Docker 网络
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```bash
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$ docker network create laravel
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```
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启动 laravel 容器， `--name=laravel` 参数设定的名字必须与 `nginx` 配置文件中的 `fastcgi_pass laravel:9000;` 一致
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```bash
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$ docker run -it --rm --name=laravel --network=laravel my/laravel
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```
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启动 nginx 容器
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```bash
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$ docker run -it --rm --network=laravel -p 8080:80 my/nginx
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```
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浏览器访问 `127.0.0.1:8080` 可以看到 Laravel 项目首页。
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> 也许 Laravel 项目依赖其他外部服务，例如 redis、MySQL，请自行启动这些服务之后再进行测试，本小节不再赘述。
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### 生产环境优化
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本小节内容为了方便测试，将配置文件直接放到了镜像中，实际在使用时 **建议** 将配置文件作为 `config` 或 `secret` 挂载到容器中，请读者自行学习 `Swarm mode` 或 `Kubernetes` 的相关内容。
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### 附录
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完整的 `Dockerfile` 文件如下。
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```dockerfile
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FROM node:alpine as frontend
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COPY package.json /app/
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RUN cd /app \
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&& npm install --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org
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COPY webpack.mix.js /app/
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COPY resources/assets/ /app/resources/assets/
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RUN cd /app \
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&& npm run production
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FROM composer as composer
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COPY database/ /app/database/
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COPY composer.json /app/
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RUN cd /app \
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&& composer config -g repo.packagist composer https://packagist.laravel-china.org \
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&& composer install \
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--ignore-platform-reqs \
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--no-interaction \
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--no-plugins \
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--no-scripts \
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--prefer-dist
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FROM php:7.2-fpm-alpine as laravel
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ARG LARAVEL_PATH=/app/laravel
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COPY --from=composer /app/vendor/ ${LARAVEL_PATH}/vendor/
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COPY . ${LARAVEL_PATH}
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COPY --from=frontend /app/public/js/ ${LARAVEL_PATH}/public/js/
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COPY --from=frontend /app/public/css/ ${LARAVEL_PATH}/public/css/
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COPY --from=frontend /app/mix-manifest.json ${LARAVEL_PATH}/mix-manifest.json
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RUN cd ${LARAVEL_PATH} \
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&& php artisan package:discover \
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&& mkdir -p storage \
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&& mkdir -p storage/framework/cache \
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&& mkdir -p storage/framework/sessions \
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&& mkdir -p storage/framework/testing \
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&& mkdir -p storage/framework/views \
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&& mkdir -p storage/logs \
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&& chmod -R 777 storage
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FROM nginx:alpine as nginx
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ARG LARAVEL_PATH=/app/laravel
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COPY laravel.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/
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COPY --from=laravel ${LARAVEL_PATH}/public ${LARAVEL_PATH}/public
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```
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