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159 lines
7.1 KiB
Markdown
159 lines
7.1 KiB
Markdown
## 私有仓库
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有时候使用 Docker Hub 这样的公共仓库可能不方便，用户可以创建一个本地仓库供私人使用。
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本节介绍如何使用本地仓库。
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`docker-registry` 是官方提供的工具，可以用于构建私有的镜像仓库。
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### 安装运行 docker-registry
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#### 容器运行
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在安装了 Docker 后，可以通过获取官方 registry 镜像来运行。
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```
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$ sudo docker run -d -p 5000:5000 registry
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```
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这将使用官方的 registry 镜像来启动本地的私有仓库。
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用户可以通过指定参数来配置私有仓库位置，例如配置镜像存储到 Amazon S3 服务。
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```
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$ sudo docker run \
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-e SETTINGS_FLAVOR=s3 \
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-e AWS_BUCKET=acme-docker \
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-e STORAGE_PATH=/registry \
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-e AWS_KEY=AKIAHSHB43HS3J92MXZ \
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-e AWS_SECRET=xdDowwlK7TJajV1Y7EoOZrmuPEJlHYcNP2k4j49T \
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-e SEARCH_BACKEND=sqlalchemy \
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-p 5000:5000 \
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registry
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````
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此外，还可以指定本地路径（如 `/home/user/registry-conf` ）下的配置文件。
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```
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$ sudo docker run -d -p 5000:5000 -v /home/user/registry-conf:/registry-conf -e DOCKER_REGISTRY_CONFIG=/registry-conf/config.yml registry
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```
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默认情况下，仓库会被创建在容器的 `/tmp/registry` 下。可以通过 `-v` 参数来将镜像文件存放在本地的指定路径。
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例如下面的例子将上传的镜像放到 `/opt/data/registry` 目录。
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```
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$ sudo docker run -d -p 5000:5000 -v /opt/data/registry:/tmp/registry registry
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```
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#### 本地安装
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对于 Ubuntu 或 CentOS 等发行版，可以直接通过源安装。
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* Ubuntu
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```
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$ sudo apt-get install -y build-essential python-dev libevent-dev python-pip liblzma-dev
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$ sudo pip install docker-registry
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```
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* CentOS
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```
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$ sudo yum install -y python-devel libevent-devel python-pip gcc xz-devel
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$ sudo python-pip install docker-registry
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```
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也可以从 [docker-registry](https://github.com/docker/docker-registry) 项目下载源码进行安装。
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```
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$ sudo apt-get install build-essential python-dev libevent-dev python-pip libssl-dev liblzma-dev libffi-dev
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$ git clone https://github.com/docker/docker-registry.git
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$ cd git-registry
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$ sudo pip install .
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```
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然后修改配置文件，主要修改dev模板段的 `storage_path` 到本地的存储仓库的路径。
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```
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$ cp config/config_sample.yml config/config.yml
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```
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之后启动 Web 服务。
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```
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$ sudo gunicorn -c contrib/gunicorn.py docker_registry.wsgi:application
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```
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或者
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```
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$ sudo gunicorn --access-logfile - --error-logfile - -k gevent -b 0.0.0.0:5000 -w 4 --max-requests 100 docker_registry.wsgi:application
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```
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此时使用访问本地的 5000 端口，看到输出 docker-registry 的版本信息说明运行成功。
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*注：`config/config_sample.yml` 文件是示例配置文件。
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###在私有仓库上传、下载、搜索镜像
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创建好私有仓库之后，就可以使用 `docker tag` 来标记一个镜像，然后推送它到仓库，别的机器上就可以下载下来了。例如私有仓库地址为 `192.168.7.26:5000`。
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先在本机查看已有的镜像。
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```
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$ sudo docker images
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REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
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ubuntu latest ba5877dc9bec 6 weeks ago 192.7 MB
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ubuntu 14.04 ba5877dc9bec 6 weeks ago 192.7 MB
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```
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使用`docker tag` 将 `ba58` 这个镜像标记为 `192.168.7.26:5000/test`（格式为 `docker tag IMAGE[:TAG] [REGISTRYHOST/][USERNAME/]NAME[:TAG]`）。
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```
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$ sudo docker tag ba58 192.168.7.26:5000/test
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root ~ # docker images
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REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
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ubuntu 14.04 ba5877dc9bec 6 weeks ago 192.7 MB
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ubuntu latest ba5877dc9bec 6 weeks ago 192.7 MB
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192.168.7.26:5000/test latest ba5877dc9bec 6 weeks ago 192.7 MB
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```
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使用 `docker push` 上传标记的镜像。
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```
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$ sudo docker push 192.168.7.26:5000/test
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The push refers to a repository [192.168.7.26:5000/test] (len: 1)
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Sending image list
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Pushing repository 192.168.7.26:5000/test (1 tags)
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Image 511136ea3c5a already pushed, skipping
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Image 9bad880da3d2 already pushed, skipping
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Image 25f11f5fb0cb already pushed, skipping
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Image ebc34468f71d already pushed, skipping
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Image 2318d26665ef already pushed, skipping
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Image ba5877dc9bec already pushed, skipping
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Pushing tag for rev [ba5877dc9bec] on {http://192.168.7.26:5000/v1/repositories/test/tags/latest}
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```
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用 curl 查看仓库中的镜像。
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```
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$ curl http://192.168.7.26:5000/v1/search
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{"num_results": 7, "query": "", "results": [{"description": "", "name": "library/miaxis_j2ee"}, {"description": "", "name": "library/tomcat"}, {"description": "", "name": "library/ubuntu"}, {"description": "", "name": "library/ubuntu_office"}, {"description": "", "name": "library/desktop_ubu"}, {"description": "", "name": "dockerfile/ubuntu"}, {"description": "", "name": "library/test"}]}
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```
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这里可以看到 `{"description": "", "name": "library/test"}`，表明镜像已经被成功上传了。
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现在可以到另外一台机器去下载这个镜像。
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```
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$ sudo docker pull 192.168.7.26:5000/test
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Pulling repository 192.168.7.26:5000/test
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ba5877dc9bec: Download complete
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511136ea3c5a: Download complete
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9bad880da3d2: Download complete
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25f11f5fb0cb: Download complete
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ebc34468f71d: Download complete
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2318d26665ef: Download complete
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$ sudo docker images
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REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
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192.168.7.26:5000/test latest ba5877dc9bec 6 weeks ago 192.7 MB
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```
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可以使用 [这个脚本](https://github.com/yeasy/docker_practice/raw/master/_local/push_images.sh) 批量上传本地的镜像到注册服务器中，默认是本地注册服务器 `127.0.0.1:5000`。例如：
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```
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$ wget https://github.com/yeasy/docker_practice/raw/master/_local/push_images.sh; sudo chmod a+x push_images.sh
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$ ./push_images.sh ubuntu:latest centos:centos7
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The registry server is 127.0.0.1
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Uploading ubuntu:latest...
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The push refers to a repository [127.0.0.1:5000/ubuntu] (len: 1)
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Sending image list
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Pushing repository 127.0.0.1:5000/ubuntu (1 tags)
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Image 511136ea3c5a already pushed, skipping
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Image bfb8b5a2ad34 already pushed, skipping
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Image c1f3bdbd8355 already pushed, skipping
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Image 897578f527ae already pushed, skipping
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Image 9387bcc9826e already pushed, skipping
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Image 809ed259f845 already pushed, skipping
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Image 96864a7d2df3 already pushed, skipping
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Pushing tag for rev [96864a7d2df3] on {http://127.0.0.1:5000/v1/repositories/ubuntu/tags/latest}
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Untagged: 127.0.0.1:5000/ubuntu:latest
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Done
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Uploading centos:centos7...
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The push refers to a repository [127.0.0.1:5000/centos] (len: 1)
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Sending image list
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Pushing repository 127.0.0.1:5000/centos (1 tags)
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Image 511136ea3c5a already pushed, skipping
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34e94e67e63a: Image successfully pushed
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70214e5d0a90: Image successfully pushed
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Pushing tag for rev [70214e5d0a90] on {http://127.0.0.1:5000/v1/repositories/centos/tags/centos7}
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Untagged: 127.0.0.1:5000/centos:centos7
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Done
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```
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