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103 lines
2.8 KiB
Go
103 lines
2.8 KiB
Go
## 13.5 实战练习
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本章通过部署一个 Nginx 网站并配置 Service，串联前面学到的 Deployment、探针、资源配额和服务发现知识。
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Deployment 与 Service 的[合并清单](../examples/validated/kubernetes/web.yaml)使用仓库内固定的 Kubernetes 1.31 strict schema 做离线 `kubeconform` 校验。下面的围栏与该文件由测试强制保持一致。
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开始前请先准备好可用的 Kubernetes 集群和 `kubectl` 上下文。你可以先完成 [14.3 Docker Desktop](../14_kubernetes_setup/14.3_docker-desktop.md) 或 [14.4 Kind](../14_kubernetes_setup/14.4_kind.md)，并确认：
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```bash
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kubectl get nodes
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```
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### 13.5.1 目标
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1. 部署一个包含 readiness probe 和资源请求/限制的 Nginx Deployment。
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2. 创建一个 ClusterIP Service 暴露 Nginx。
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3. 通过端口转发访问服务，并观察一次滚动发布。
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### 13.5.2 保存并应用合并清单
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<!-- canonical-example: kubernetes -->
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```yaml
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apiVersion: apps/v1
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kind: Deployment
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metadata:
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name: nginx-deployment
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labels:
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app: nginx
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spec:
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replicas: 2
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selector:
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matchLabels:
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app: nginx
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template:
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metadata:
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labels:
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app: nginx
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spec:
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containers:
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- name: nginx
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image: nginx:1.28-alpine
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ports:
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- name: http
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containerPort: 80
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readinessProbe:
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httpGet:
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path: /
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port: http
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resources:
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requests:
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cpu: 50m
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memory: 32Mi
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limits:
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cpu: 200m
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memory: 128Mi
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---
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apiVersion: v1
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kind: Service
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metadata:
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name: nginx-service
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spec:
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selector:
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app: nginx
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ports:
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- name: http
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port: 80
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targetPort: http
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```
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仓库内运行时，可直接应用经过校验的文件：
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```bash
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kubectl apply -f examples/validated/kubernetes/web.yaml
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kubectl get deployment/nginx-deployment service/nginx-service
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```
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Service 未指定 `type`，因此使用默认的 `ClusterIP`，不会依赖不同本地集群对 NodePort 的宿主机映射行为。
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### 13.5.3 访问服务
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```bash
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kubectl port-forward service/nginx-service 8080:80
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```
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然后访问 `http://localhost:8080`。结束端口转发可按 `Ctrl+C`。
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> Ingress 只有在集群中已安装 Ingress controller 且配置了 IngressClass 时才会生效。当前练习只覆盖 Service；Ingress/Gateway API 建议在完成第 14 章后再单独练习。
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### 13.5.4 观察滚动发布
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修改 Pod 模板中的环境变量会触发 Deployment 滚动发布，而无需依赖另一个外部镜像标签：
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```bash
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kubectl set env deployment/nginx-deployment RELEASE_MARKER=demo-v2
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kubectl rollout status deployment/nginx-deployment
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```
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### 13.5.5 清理资源
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```bash
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kubectl delete -f examples/validated/kubernetes/web.yaml
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```
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