77 lines
2.2 KiB
Markdown
77 lines
2.2 KiB
Markdown
## 基本結構
|
||
Dockerfile 由一行行命令語句組成，並且支援以 `#` 開頭的注釋行。
|
||
|
||
一般而言，Dockerfile 分為四部分：基礎鏡像資訊、維護者資訊、鏡像操作指令和容器啟動時執行指令。
|
||
|
||
例如
|
||
```
|
||
# This dockerfile uses the ubuntu image
|
||
# VERSION 2 - EDITION 1
|
||
# Author: docker_user
|
||
# Command format: Instruction [arguments / command] ..
|
||
|
||
# Base image to use, this must be set as the first line
|
||
FROM ubuntu
|
||
|
||
# Maintainer: docker_user <docker_user at email.com> (@docker_user)
|
||
MAINTAINER docker_user docker_user@email.com
|
||
|
||
# Commands to update the image
|
||
RUN echo "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring main universe" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
|
||
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y nginx
|
||
RUN echo "\ndaemon off;" >> /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
|
||
|
||
# Commands when creating a new container
|
||
CMD /usr/sbin/nginx
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
其中，一開始必須指明作為基底的鏡像名稱，接下來說明維護者資訊（建議）。
|
||
|
||
後面則是鏡像操作指令，例如 `RUN` 指令，`RUN` 指令將對鏡像執行相對應的命令。每運行一條 `RUN` 指令，鏡像添加新的一層，並提交。
|
||
|
||
最後是 `CMD` 指令，來指定執行容器時的操作命令。
|
||
|
||
下面來看一個更複雜的例子
|
||
```
|
||
# Nginx
|
||
#
|
||
# VERSION 0.0.1
|
||
|
||
FROM ubuntu
|
||
MAINTAINER Victor Vieux <victor@docker.com>
|
||
|
||
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y inotify-tools nginx apache2 openssh-server
|
||
|
||
# Firefox over VNC
|
||
#
|
||
# VERSION 0.3
|
||
|
||
FROM ubuntu
|
||
|
||
# Install vnc, xvfb in order to create a 'fake' display and firefox
|
||
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y x11vnc xvfb firefox
|
||
RUN mkdir /.vnc
|
||
# Setup a password
|
||
RUN x11vnc -storepasswd 1234 ~/.vnc/passwd
|
||
# Autostart firefox (might not be the best way, but it does the trick)
|
||
RUN bash -c 'echo "firefox" >> /.bashrc'
|
||
|
||
EXPOSE 5900
|
||
CMD ["x11vnc", "-forever", "-usepw", "-create"]
|
||
|
||
# Multiple images example
|
||
#
|
||
# VERSION 0.1
|
||
|
||
FROM ubuntu
|
||
RUN echo foo > bar
|
||
# Will output something like ===> 907ad6c2736f
|
||
|
||
FROM ubuntu
|
||
RUN echo moo > oink
|
||
# Will output something like ===> 695d7793cbe4
|
||
|
||
# You᾿ll now have two images, 907ad6c2736f with /bar, and 695d7793cbe4 with
|
||
# /oink.
|
||
```
|