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151 lines
5.2 KiB
Markdown
151 lines
5.2 KiB
Markdown
## 使用 etcdctl
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`etcdctl` 是一个命令行客户端，它能提供一些简洁的命令，供用户直接跟 `etcd` 服务打交道，而无需基于 `HTTP API` 方式。这在某些情况下将很方便，例如用户对服务进行测试或者手动修改数据库内容。我们也推荐在刚接触 `etcd` 时通过 `etcdctl` 命令来熟悉相关的操作，这些操作跟 `HTTP API` 实际上是对应的。
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`etcd` 项目二进制发行包中已经包含了 `etcdctl` 工具，没有的话，可以从 [github.com/coreos/etcd/releases](https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases) 下载。
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`etcdctl` 支持如下的命令，大体上分为数据库操作和非数据库操作两类，后面将分别进行解释。
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```
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NAME:
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etcdctl - A simple command line client for etcd3.
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USAGE:
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etcdctl
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VERSION:
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3.2.10
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API VERSION:
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3.2
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COMMANDS:
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get Gets the key or a range of keys
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put Puts the given key into the store
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del Removes the specified key or range of keys [key, range_end)
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txn Txn processes all the requests in one transaction
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compaction Compacts the event history in etcd
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alarm disarm Disarms all alarms
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alarm list Lists all alarms
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defrag Defragments the storage of the etcd members with given endpoints
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endpoint health Checks the healthiness of endpoints specified in `--endpoints` flag
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endpoint status Prints out the status of endpoints specified in `--endpoints` flag
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watch Watches events stream on keys or prefixes
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version Prints the version of etcdctl
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lease grant Creates leases
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lease revoke Revokes leases
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lease timetolive Get lease information
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lease keep-alive Keeps leases alive (renew)
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member add Adds a member into the cluster
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member remove Removes a member from the cluster
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member update Updates a member in the cluster
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member list Lists all members in the cluster
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snapshot save Stores an etcd node backend snapshot to a given file
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snapshot restore Restores an etcd member snapshot to an etcd directory
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snapshot status Gets backend snapshot status of a given file
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make-mirror Makes a mirror at the destination etcd cluster
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migrate Migrates keys in a v2 store to a mvcc store
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lock Acquires a named lock
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elect Observes and participates in leader election
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auth enable Enables authentication
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auth disable Disables authentication
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user add Adds a new user
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user delete Deletes a user
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user get Gets detailed information of a user
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user list Lists all users
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user passwd Changes password of user
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user grant-role Grants a role to a user
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user revoke-role Revokes a role from a user
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role add Adds a new role
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role delete Deletes a role
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role get Gets detailed information of a role
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role list Lists all roles
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role grant-permission Grants a key to a role
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role revoke-permission Revokes a key from a role
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check perf Check the performance of the etcd cluster
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help Help about any command
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OPTIONS:
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--cacert="" verify certificates of TLS-enabled secure servers using this CA bundle
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--cert="" identify secure client using this TLS certificate file
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--command-timeout=5s timeout for short running command (excluding dial timeout)
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--debug[=false] enable client-side debug logging
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--dial-timeout=2s dial timeout for client connections
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--endpoints=[127.0.0.1:2379] gRPC endpoints
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--hex[=false] print byte strings as hex encoded strings
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--insecure-skip-tls-verify[=false] skip server certificate verification
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--insecure-transport[=true] disable transport security for client connections
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--key="" identify secure client using this TLS key file
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--user="" username[:password] for authentication (prompt if password is not supplied)
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-w, --write-out="simple" set the output format (fields, json, protobuf, simple, table)
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```
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### 数据库操作
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数据库操作围绕对键值和目录的 CRUD （符合 REST 风格的一套操作：Create）完整生命周期的管理。
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etcd 在键的组织上采用了层次化的空间结构（类似于文件系统中目录的概念），用户指定的键可以为单独的名字，如 `testkey`，此时实际上放在根目录 `/` 下面，也可以为指定目录结构，如 `cluster1/node2/testkey`，则将创建相应的目录结构。
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>注：CRUD 即 Create, Read, Update, Delete，是符合 REST 风格的一套 API 操作。
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#### put
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```bash
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$ etcdctl put /testdir/testkey "Hello world"
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OK
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```
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#### get
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获取指定键的值。例如
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```bash
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$ etcdctl put testkey hello
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OK
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$ etcdctl get testkey
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testkey
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hello
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```
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支持的选项为
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`--sort` 对结果进行排序
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`--consistent` 将请求发给主节点，保证获取内容的一致性
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#### del
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删除某个键值。例如
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```bash
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$ etcdctl del testkey
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1
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```
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### 非数据库操作
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#### watch
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监测一个键值的变化，一旦键值发生更新，就会输出最新的值。
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例如，用户更新 `testkey` 键值为 `Hello world`。
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```bash
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$ etcdctl watch testkey
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PUT
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testkey
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2
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```
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#### member
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通过 `list`、`add`、`update`、`remove` 命令列出、添加、更新、删除 etcd 实例到 etcd 集群中。
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例如本地启动一个 `etcd` 服务实例后，可以用如下命令进行查看。
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```bash
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$ etcdctl member list
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422a74f03b622fef, started, node1, http://172.16.238.100:2380, http://172.16.238.100:23
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```
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