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< div class = "book" data-level = "3.3" data-chapter-title = "複數" data-filepath = "ch3/ch3-03.md" data-basepath = ".." data-revision = "Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)" >
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前言
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< b > 0.1.< / b >
Go語言起源
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< b > 0.2.< / b >
Go語言項目
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< b > 0.3.< / b >
本書的組織
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< b > 0.4.< / b >
更多的信息
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< b > 0.5.< / b >
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致謝
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< b > 1.< / b >
入門
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< b > 1.1.< / b >
Hello, World
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< b > 1.2.< / b >
命令行參數
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< b > 1.3.< / b >
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査找重複的行
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.4" data-path = "ch1/ch1-04.html" >
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< b > 1.4.< / b >
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GIF動畵
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< b > 1.5.< / b >
穫取URL
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< b > 1.6.< / b >
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併發穫取多個URL
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< b > 1.7.< / b >
Web服務
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< b > 1.8.< / b >
本章要點
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< b > 2.< / b >
程序結構
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< b > 2.1.< / b >
命名
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< b > 2.2.< / b >
聲明
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< b > 2.3.< / b >
變量
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< b > 2.4.< / b >
賦值
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< b > 2.5.< / b >
類型
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< b > 2.6.< / b >
包和文件
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< b > 2.7.< / b >
作用域
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< b > 3.< / b >
基礎數據類型
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< b > 3.1.< / b >
整型
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< b > 3.2.< / b >
浮點數
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< li class = "chapter active" data-level = "3.3" data-path = "ch3/ch3-03.html" >
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< b > 3.3.< / b >
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複數
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4" data-path = "ch3/ch3-04.html" >
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< b > 3.4.< / b >
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布爾型
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< b > 3.5.< / b >
字符串
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< b > 3.6.< / b >
常量
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< b > 4.< / b >
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複合數據類型
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< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.1" data-path = "ch4/ch4-01.html" >
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< b > 4.1.< / b >
數組
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< b > 4.2.< / b >
切片
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< b > 4.3.< / b >
字典
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< b > 4.4.< / b >
結構體
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< b > 4.5.< / b >
JSON
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< b > 4.6.< / b >
文本和HTML模闆
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5" data-path = "ch5/ch5.html" >
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< b > 5.< / b >
函數
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< b > 5.1.< / b >
函數聲明
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< b > 5.2.< / b >
遞歸
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< b > 5.3.< / b >
多返迴值
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< b > 5.4.< / b >
錯誤
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5" data-path = "ch5/ch5-05.html" >
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< b > 5.5.< / b >
函數值
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< b > 5.6.< / b >
匿名函數
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< b > 5.7.< / b >
可變參數
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< b > 5.8.< / b >
Deferred函數
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< b > 5.9.< / b >
Panic異常
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.10" data-path = "ch5/ch5-10.html" >
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< b > 5.10.< / b >
Recover捕穫異常
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< b > 6.< / b >
方法
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.1" data-path = "ch6/ch6-01.html" >
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< b > 6.1.< / b >
方法聲明
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< b > 6.2.< / b >
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基於指針對象的方法
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3" data-path = "ch6/ch6-03.html" >
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< b > 6.3.< / b >
通過嵌入結構體來擴展類型
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4" data-path = "ch6/ch6-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch6/ch6-04.html" >
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< b > 6.4.< / b >
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方法值和方法表達式
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.5" data-path = "ch6/ch6-05.html" >
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< b > 6.5.< / b >
示例: Bit數組
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< b > 6.6.< / b >
封裝
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< b > 7.< / b >
接口
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< b > 7.1.< / b >
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接口是合約
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< b > 7.2.< / b >
接口類型
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.3" data-path = "ch7/ch7-03.html" >
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< b > 7.3.< / b >
實現接口的條件
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< b > 7.4.< / b >
flag.Value接口
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< b > 7.5.< / b >
接口值
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< b > 7.6.< / b >
sort.Interface接口
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< b > 7.7.< / b >
http.Handler接口
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< b > 7.8.< / b >
error接口
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< b > 7.9.< / b >
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示例: 表達式求值
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< b > 7.10.< / b >
類型斷言
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< b > 7.11.< / b >
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基於類型斷言識别錯誤類型
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< b > 7.12.< / b >
通過類型斷言査詢接口
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< b > 7.13.< / b >
類型分支
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< b > 7.14.< / b >
示例: 基於標記的XML解碼
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.15" data-path = "ch7/ch7-15.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-15.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 7.15.< / b >
補充幾點
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8" data-path = "ch8/ch8.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.< / b >
Goroutines和Channels
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.1" data-path = "ch8/ch8-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-01.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.1.< / b >
Goroutines
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.2" data-path = "ch8/ch8-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.2.< / b >
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示例: 併發的Clock服務
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.3" data-path = "ch8/ch8-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-03.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.3.< / b >
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示例: 併發的Echo服務
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.4" data-path = "ch8/ch8-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-04.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.4.< / b >
Channels
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.5" data-path = "ch8/ch8-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-05.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.5.< / b >
併行的循環
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.6" data-path = "ch8/ch8-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-06.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.6.< / b >
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示例: 併發的Web爬蟲
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.7" data-path = "ch8/ch8-07.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-07.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.7.< / b >
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基於select的多路複用
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.8" data-path = "ch8/ch8-08.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-08.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.8.< / b >
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示例: 併發的字典遍歷
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.9" data-path = "ch8/ch8-09.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-09.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.9.< / b >
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併發的退齣
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.10" data-path = "ch8/ch8-10.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-10.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.10.< / b >
示例: 聊天服務
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9" data-path = "ch9/ch9.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.< / b >
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基於共享變量的併發
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< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.1" data-path = "ch9/ch9-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-01.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.1.< / b >
競爭條件
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.2" data-path = "ch9/ch9-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.2.< / b >
sync.Mutex互斥鎖
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.3" data-path = "ch9/ch9-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-03.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.3.< / b >
sync.RWMutex讀寫鎖
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.4" data-path = "ch9/ch9-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-04.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.4.< / b >
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內存同步
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.5" data-path = "ch9/ch9-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-05.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.5.< / b >
sync.Once初始化
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.6" data-path = "ch9/ch9-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-06.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.6.< / b >
競爭條件檢測
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.7" data-path = "ch9/ch9-07.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-07.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.7.< / b >
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示例: 併發的非阻塞緩存
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.8" data-path = "ch9/ch9-08.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-08.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.8.< / b >
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Goroutines和線程
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< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10" data-path = "ch10/ch10.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.< / b >
包和工具
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.1" data-path = "ch10/ch10-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-01.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.1.< / b >
簡介
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.2" data-path = "ch10/ch10-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.2.< / b >
導入路徑
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.3" data-path = "ch10/ch10-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-03.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.3.< / b >
包聲明
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.4" data-path = "ch10/ch10-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-04.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.4.< / b >
導入聲明
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.5" data-path = "ch10/ch10-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-05.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.5.< / b >
匿名導入
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.6" data-path = "ch10/ch10-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-06.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.6.< / b >
包和命名
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.7" data-path = "ch10/ch10-07.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-07.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.7.< / b >
工具
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11" data-path = "ch11/ch11.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.< / b >
測試
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.1" data-path = "ch11/ch11-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-01.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.1.< / b >
go test
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.2" data-path = "ch11/ch11-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.2.< / b >
測試函數
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.3" data-path = "ch11/ch11-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-03.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.3.< / b >
測試覆蓋率
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.4" data-path = "ch11/ch11-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-04.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.4.< / b >
基準測試
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.5" data-path = "ch11/ch11-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-05.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.5.< / b >
剖析
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.6" data-path = "ch11/ch11-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-06.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.6.< / b >
示例函數
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12" data-path = "ch12/ch12.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.< / b >
反射
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.1" data-path = "ch12/ch12-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-01.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.1.< / b >
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爲何需要反射?
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.2" data-path = "ch12/ch12-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.2.< / b >
reflect.Type和reflect.Value
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.3" data-path = "ch12/ch12-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-03.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.3.< / b >
Display遞歸打印
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.4" data-path = "ch12/ch12-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-04.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.4.< / b >
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示例: 編碼S表達式
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.5" data-path = "ch12/ch12-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-05.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.5.< / b >
通過reflect.Value脩改值
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.6" data-path = "ch12/ch12-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-06.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.6.< / b >
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示例: 解碼S表達式
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.7" data-path = "ch12/ch12-07.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-07.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.7.< / b >
穫取結構體字段標識
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.8" data-path = "ch12/ch12-08.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-08.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.8.< / b >
顯示一個類型的方法集
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.9" data-path = "ch12/ch12-09.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-09.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.9.< / b >
幾點忠告
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "13" data-path = "ch13/ch13.html" >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 13.< / b >
底層編程
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "13.1" data-path = "ch13/ch13-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13-01.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 13.1.< / b >
unsafe.Sizeof, Alignof 和 Offsetof
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "13.2" data-path = "ch13/ch13-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 13.2.< / b >
unsafe.Pointer
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "13.3" data-path = "ch13/ch13-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13-03.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 13.3.< / b >
示例: 深度相等判斷
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "13.4" data-path = "ch13/ch13-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13-04.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 13.4.< / b >
通過cgo調用C代碼
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "13.5" data-path = "ch13/ch13-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13-05.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 13.5.< / b >
幾點忠告
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "14" data-path = "CONTRIBUTORS.html" >
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< a href = "../CONTRIBUTORS.html" >
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< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
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< b > 14.< / b >
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附録
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "divider" > < / li >
< li >
< a href = "https://www.gitbook.com" target = "blank" class = "gitbook-link" >
本書使用 GitBook 釋出
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / div >
< div class = "book-body" >
< div class = "body-inner" >
< div class = "book-header" role = "navigation" >
<!-- Actions Left -->
<!-- Title -->
< h1 >
< i class = "fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin" > < / i >
< a href = "../" > Go编程语言< / a >
< / h1 >
< / div >
< div class = "page-wrapper" tabindex = "-1" role = "main" >
< div class = "page-inner" >
< section class = "normal" id = "section-" >
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< h2 id = "33-複數" > 3.3. 複 數 < / h2 >
< p > Go提 供 了 兩 種 精 度 的 複 數 類 似 , complex64 和 complex128, 分 别 對 應 float32 和 float64精 度 . 內 置 的 complex 函 數 用 於 構 建 複 數 , 內 建 的 real 和 imag 函 數 返 迴 複 數 的 實 部 和 虛 部 :< / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-Go" > < span class = "hljs-keyword" > var< / span > x < span class = "hljs-typename" > complex128< / span > = < span class = "hljs-built_in" > complex< / span > (< span class = "hljs-number" > 1< / span > , < span class = "hljs-number" > 2< / span > ) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // 1+2i< / span >
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > var< / span > y < span class = "hljs-typename" > complex128< / span > = < span class = "hljs-built_in" > complex< / span > (< span class = "hljs-number" > 3< / span > , < span class = "hljs-number" > 4< / span > ) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // 3+4i< / span >
fmt.Println(x*y) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // " (-5+10i)" < / span >
fmt.Println(< span class = "hljs-built_in" > real< / span > (x*y)) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // " -5" < / span >
fmt.Println(< span class = "hljs-built_in" > imag< / span > (x*y)) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // " 10" < / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 如 果 一 個 浮 點 數 面 值 或 一 個 十 進 製 整 數 面 值 後 面 跟 着 一 個 i, 例 如 3.141592i 或 2i, 它 將 構 成 一 個 複 數 的 虛 部 , 複 數 的 實 部 是 0:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-Go" > fmt.Println(< span class = "hljs-number" > 1i< / span > * < span class = "hljs-number" > 1i< / span > ) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // " (-1+0i)" , i^2 = -1< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 在 常 量 算 術 規 則 下 , 一 個 複 數 常 量 可 以 加 到 另 一 個 常 量 (整 數 或 浮 點 數 , 實 部 或 虛 部 ), 我 們 可 以 用 自 然 的 方 式 寫 複 數 , 就 像 1+2i, 或 與 之 等 價 的 寫 法 2i+1. 上 面 x和 y的 聲 明 語 句 還 可 以 簡 化 :< / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-Go" > x := < span class = "hljs-number" > 1< / span > + < span class = "hljs-number" > 2i< / span >
y := < span class = "hljs-number" > 3< / span > + < span class = "hljs-number" > 4i< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 複 數 也 可 以 用 == 和 != 進 行 相 等 比 較 . 隻 有 兩 個 複 數 的 實 部 和 虛 部 都 相 等 的 時 候 它 們 纔 是 相 等 的 .< / p >
< p > math/cmplx 包 提 供 了 複 數 處 理 的 許 多 函 數 , 例 如 求 複 數 的 平 方 根 函 數 和 求 冪 函 數 .< / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-Go" > fmt.Println(cmplx.Sqrt(-< span class = "hljs-number" > 1< / span > )) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // " (0+1i)" < / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 下 面 的 程 序 使 用 complex128複 數 算 法 來 生 成 一 個 Mandelbrot圖 像 .< / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-Go" > gopl.io/ch3/mandelbrot
< span class = "hljs-comment" > // Mandelbrot emits a PNG image of the Mandelbrot fractal.< / span >
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > package< / span > main
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > import< / span > (
< span class = "hljs-string" > " image" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-string" > " image/color" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-string" > " image/png" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-string" > " math/cmplx" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-string" > " os" < / span >
)
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > func< / span > main() {
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > const< / span > (
xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax = -< span class = "hljs-number" > 2< / span > , -< span class = "hljs-number" > 2< / span > , +< span class = "hljs-number" > 2< / span > , +< span class = "hljs-number" > 2< / span >
width, height = < span class = "hljs-number" > 1024< / span > , < span class = "hljs-number" > 1024< / span >
)
img := image.NewRGBA(image.Rect(< span class = "hljs-number" > 0< / span > , < span class = "hljs-number" > 0< / span > , width, height))
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > for< / span > py := < span class = "hljs-number" > 0< / span > ; py < height; py++ {
y := < span class = "hljs-typename" > float64< / span > (py)/height*(ymax-ymin) + ymin
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > for< / span > px := < span class = "hljs-number" > 0< / span > ; px < width; px++ {
x := < span class = "hljs-typename" > float64< / span > (px)/width*(xmax-xmin) + xmin
z := < span class = "hljs-built_in" > complex< / span > (x, y)
< span class = "hljs-comment" > // Image point (px, py) represents complex value z.< / span >
img.Set(px, py, mandelbrot(z))
}
}
png.Encode(os.Stdout, img) < span class = "hljs-comment" > // < span class = "hljs-doctag" > NOTE:< / span > ignoring errors< / span >
}
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > func< / span > mandelbrot(z < span class = "hljs-typename" > complex128< / span > ) color.Color {
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > const< / span > iterations = < span class = "hljs-number" > 200< / span >
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > const< / span > contrast = < span class = "hljs-number" > 15< / span >
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > var< / span > v < span class = "hljs-typename" > complex128< / span >
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > for< / span > n := < span class = "hljs-typename" > uint8< / span > (< span class = "hljs-number" > 0< / span > ); n < iterations; n++ {
v = v*v + z
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > if< / span > cmplx.Abs(v) > < span class = "hljs-number" > 2< / span > {
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > return< / span > color.Gray{< span class = "hljs-number" > 255< / span > - contrast*n}
}
}
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > return< / span > color.Black
}
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 遍 歷 1024x1024圖 像 每 個 點 的 兩 個 嵌 套 的 循 環 對 應 -2 到 +2 區 間 的 複 數 平 面 . 程 序 反 複 測 試 每 個 點 對 應 複 數 值 平 方 值 加 一 個 增 量 值 對 應 的 點 是 否 超 齣 半 徑 爲 2的 圓 . 如 果 超 過 了 , 通 過 根 據 逃 逸 的 迭 代 次 數 對 應 的 灰 度 顔 色 來 代 替 . 如 果 不 是 , 該 點 屬 於 Mandelbrot集 合 , 使 用 黑 色 顔 色 標 記 . 最 終 程 序 將 生 成 的 PNG格 式 分 形 圖 像 圖 像 輸 齣 到 標 準 輸 齣 , 如 圖 3.3所 示 .< / p >
< p > < strong > 練 習 3.5:< / strong > 實 現 一 個 綵 色 的 Mandelbrot圖 像 , 使 用 image.NewRGBA 創 建 圖 像 , 使 用 color.RGBA 或 color.YCbCr 生 成 顔 色 .< / p >
< p > < strong > 練 習 3.6:< / strong > 超 采 樣 技 術 可 以 降 低 每 個 像 素 對 計 算 顔 色 值 和 平 均 值 的 影 響 . 簡 單 的 方 法 是 將 每 個 像 素 分 層 四 個 子 像 素 , 實 現 它 .< / p >
< p > < strong > 練 習 3.7:< / strong > 另 一 個 生 成 分 形 圖 像 的 方 式 是 使 用 牛 頓 法 來 求 解 一 個 複 數 方 程 , 例 如 z^4 − 1 = 0. 每 個 起 點 到 四 個 根 的 迭 代 次 數 對 應 陰 影 的 灰 度 . 方 程 根 對 應 的 點 用 顔 色 表 示 .< / p >
< p > < img src = "../images/ch3-03.png" alt = "" > < / p >
< p > < strong > 練 習 3.8:< / strong > 通 過 提 高 精 度 來 生 成 更 多 級 别 的 分 形 . 使 用 四 種 不 同 精 度 類 型 的 數 字 實 現 相 同 的 分 形 : complex64, complex128, big.Float, and big.Rat. (後 面 兩 種 類 型 在 math/big 包 聲 明 . Float是 有 指 定 限 精 度 的 浮 點 數 ; Rat是 無 效 精 度 的 有 理 數 .) 它 們 間 的 性 能 和 內 存 使 用 對 比 如 何 ? 當 渲 染 圖 可 見 時 縮 放 的 級 别 是 多 少 ?< / p >
< p > < strong > 練 習 3.9:< / strong > 編 寫 一 個 web服 務 器 , 用 於 給 客 戶 端 生 成 分 形 的 圖 像 . 運 行 客 戶 端 用 過 HTTP參 數 參 數 指 定 x,y和 zoom參 數 .< / p >
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< / section >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< a href = "../ch3/ch3-02.html" class = "navigation navigation-prev " aria-label = "Previous page: 浮點數" > < i class = "fa fa-angle-left" > < / i > < / a >
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< a href = "../ch3/ch3-04.html" class = "navigation navigation-next " aria-label = "Next page: 布爾型" > < i class = "fa fa-angle-right" > < / i > < / a >
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< / div >
< / div >
< script src = "../gitbook/app.js" > < / script >
< script src = "../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js" > < / script >
< script src = "../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/buttons.js" > < / script >
< script >
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
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var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
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gitbook.start(config);
});
< / script >
< / body >
< / html >
