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<title>結構體 | Go语言圣经</title>
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<div class="book"
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data-chapter-title="結構體"
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前言
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<li class="chapter " data-level="0.1" data-path="ch0/ch0-01.html">
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<b>0.1.</b>
Go語言起源
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<b>0.2.</b>
Go語言項目
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<b>0.3.</b>
本書的組織
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<b>0.4.</b>
更多的信息
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<b>0.5.</b>
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致謝
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</a>
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</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1" data-path="ch1/ch1.html">
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<b>1.</b>
入門
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<b>1.1.</b>
Hello, World
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2" data-path="ch1/ch1-02.html">
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<b>1.2.</b>
命令行參數
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<b>1.3.</b>
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査找重複的行
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4" data-path="ch1/ch1-04.html">
<a href="../ch1/ch1-04.html">
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<b>1.4.</b>
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GIF動畵
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5" data-path="ch1/ch1-05.html">
<a href="../ch1/ch1-05.html">
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<b>1.5.</b>
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獲取URL
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6" data-path="ch1/ch1-06.html">
<a href="../ch1/ch1-06.html">
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<b>1.6.</b>
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併發獲取多個URL
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7" data-path="ch1/ch1-07.html">
<a href="../ch1/ch1-07.html">
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<b>1.7.</b>
Web服務
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8" data-path="ch1/ch1-08.html">
<a href="../ch1/ch1-08.html">
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<b>1.8.</b>
本章要點
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2" data-path="ch2/ch2.html">
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<b>2.</b>
程序結構
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.1" data-path="ch2/ch2-01.html">
<a href="../ch2/ch2-01.html">
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<b>2.1.</b>
命名
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.2" data-path="ch2/ch2-02.html">
<a href="../ch2/ch2-02.html">
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<b>2.2.</b>
聲明
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.3" data-path="ch2/ch2-03.html">
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<b>2.3.</b>
變量
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.4" data-path="ch2/ch2-04.html">
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<b>2.4.</b>
賦值
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<b>2.5.</b>
類型
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<a href="../ch2/ch2-06.html">
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<b>2.6.</b>
包和文件
</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.7" data-path="ch2/ch2-07.html">
<a href="../ch2/ch2-07.html">
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<b>2.7.</b>
作用域
</a>
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</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3" data-path="ch3/ch3.html">
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<b>3.</b>
基礎數據類型
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1" data-path="ch3/ch3-01.html">
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<b>3.1.</b>
整型
</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2" data-path="ch3/ch3-02.html">
<a href="../ch3/ch3-02.html">
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<b>3.2.</b>
浮點數
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.3" data-path="ch3/ch3-03.html">
<a href="../ch3/ch3-03.html">
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<b>3.3.</b>
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複數
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4" data-path="ch3/ch3-04.html">
<a href="../ch3/ch3-04.html">
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<b>3.4.</b>
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布爾型
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5" data-path="ch3/ch3-05.html">
<a href="../ch3/ch3-05.html">
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<b>3.5.</b>
字符串
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.6" data-path="ch3/ch3-06.html">
<a href="../ch3/ch3-06.html">
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<b>3.6.</b>
常量
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4" data-path="ch4/ch4.html">
<a href="../ch4/ch4.html">
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<b>4.</b>
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複合數據類型
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</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1" data-path="ch4/ch4-01.html">
<a href="../ch4/ch4-01.html">
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<b>4.1.</b>
數組
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2" data-path="ch4/ch4-02.html">
<a href="../ch4/ch4-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>4.2.</b>
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Slice
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3" data-path="ch4/ch4-03.html">
<a href="../ch4/ch4-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>4.3.</b>
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Map
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter active" data-level="4.4" data-path="ch4/ch4-04.html">
<a href="../ch4/ch4-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>4.4.</b>
結構體
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5" data-path="ch4/ch4-05.html">
<a href="../ch4/ch4-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>4.5.</b>
JSON
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6" data-path="ch4/ch4-06.html">
<a href="../ch4/ch4-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>4.6.</b>
文本和HTML模闆
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5" data-path="ch5/ch5.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5.html">
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<b>5.</b>
函數
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1" data-path="ch5/ch5-01.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-01.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.1.</b>
函數聲明
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2" data-path="ch5/ch5-02.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.2.</b>
遞歸
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3" data-path="ch5/ch5-03.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.3.</b>
多返迴值
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4" data-path="ch5/ch5-04.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.4.</b>
錯誤
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5" data-path="ch5/ch5-05.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.5.</b>
函數值
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6" data-path="ch5/ch5-06.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.6.</b>
匿名函數
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.7" data-path="ch5/ch5-07.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-07.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.7.</b>
可變參數
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.8" data-path="ch5/ch5-08.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-08.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.8.</b>
Deferred函數
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.9" data-path="ch5/ch5-09.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-09.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.9.</b>
Panic異常
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.10" data-path="ch5/ch5-10.html">
<a href="../ch5/ch5-10.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.10.</b>
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Recover捕獲異常
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</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6" data-path="ch6/ch6.html">
<a href="../ch6/ch6.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>6.</b>
方法
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.1" data-path="ch6/ch6-01.html">
<a href="../ch6/ch6-01.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>6.1.</b>
方法聲明
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2" data-path="ch6/ch6-02.html">
<a href="../ch6/ch6-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>6.2.</b>
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基於指針對象的方法
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3" data-path="ch6/ch6-03.html">
<a href="../ch6/ch6-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>6.3.</b>
通過嵌入結構體來擴展類型
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4" data-path="ch6/ch6-04.html">
<a href="../ch6/ch6-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>6.4.</b>
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方法值和方法表達式
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5" data-path="ch6/ch6-05.html">
<a href="../ch6/ch6-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>6.5.</b>
示例: Bit數組
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6" data-path="ch6/ch6-06.html">
<a href="../ch6/ch6-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>6.6.</b>
封裝
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7" data-path="ch7/ch7.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.</b>
接口
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.1" data-path="ch7/ch7-01.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-01.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.1.</b>
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接口是合約
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2" data-path="ch7/ch7-02.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.2.</b>
接口類型
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3" data-path="ch7/ch7-03.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.3.</b>
實現接口的條件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.4" data-path="ch7/ch7-04.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.4.</b>
flag.Value接口
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.5" data-path="ch7/ch7-05.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.5.</b>
接口值
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.6" data-path="ch7/ch7-06.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.6.</b>
sort.Interface接口
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.7" data-path="ch7/ch7-07.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-07.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.7.</b>
http.Handler接口
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.8" data-path="ch7/ch7-08.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-08.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.8.</b>
error接口
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.9" data-path="ch7/ch7-09.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-09.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.9.</b>
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示例: 表達式求值
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.10" data-path="ch7/ch7-10.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-10.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.10.</b>
類型斷言
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.11" data-path="ch7/ch7-11.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-11.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.11.</b>
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基於類型斷言識别錯誤類型
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.12" data-path="ch7/ch7-12.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-12.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.12.</b>
通過類型斷言査詢接口
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.13" data-path="ch7/ch7-13.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-13.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.13.</b>
類型分支
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.14" data-path="ch7/ch7-14.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-14.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.14.</b>
示例: 基於標記的XML解碼
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.15" data-path="ch7/ch7-15.html">
<a href="../ch7/ch7-15.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.15.</b>
補充幾點
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8" data-path="ch8/ch8.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.</b>
Goroutines和Channels
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.1" data-path="ch8/ch8-01.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-01.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.1.</b>
Goroutines
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.2" data-path="ch8/ch8-02.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.2.</b>
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示例: 併發的Clock服務
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.3" data-path="ch8/ch8-03.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.3.</b>
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示例: 併發的Echo服務
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</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4" data-path="ch8/ch8-04.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.4.</b>
Channels
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.5" data-path="ch8/ch8-05.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.5.</b>
併行的循環
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.6" data-path="ch8/ch8-06.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.6.</b>
2015-12-21 04:55:18 +00:00
示例: 併發的Web爬蟲
2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.7" data-path="ch8/ch8-07.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-07.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.7.</b>
2015-12-21 04:55:18 +00:00
基於select的多路複用
2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.8" data-path="ch8/ch8-08.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-08.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.8.</b>
2015-12-21 04:55:18 +00:00
示例: 併發的字典遍歷
2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.9" data-path="ch8/ch8-09.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-09.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.9.</b>
2015-12-28 08:08:26 +00:00
併發的退出
2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.10" data-path="ch8/ch8-10.html">
<a href="../ch8/ch8-10.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.10.</b>
示例: 聊天服務
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9" data-path="ch9/ch9.html">
<a href="../ch9/ch9.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.</b>
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基於共享變量的併發
2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.1" data-path="ch9/ch9-01.html">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-01.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.1.</b>
競爭條件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.2" data-path="ch9/ch9-02.html">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.2.</b>
sync.Mutex互斥鎖
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.3" data-path="ch9/ch9-03.html">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.3.</b>
sync.RWMutex讀寫鎖
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.4" data-path="ch9/ch9-04.html">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.4.</b>
2015-12-21 04:55:18 +00:00
內存同步
2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.5" data-path="ch9/ch9-05.html">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.5.</b>
sync.Once初始化
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.6" data-path="ch9/ch9-06.html">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.6.</b>
競爭條件檢測
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.7" data-path="ch9/ch9-07.html">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-07.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.7.</b>
2015-12-21 04:55:18 +00:00
示例: 併發的非阻塞緩存
2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.8" data-path="ch9/ch9-08.html">
<a href="../ch9/ch9-08.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.8.</b>
2015-12-21 04:55:18 +00:00
Goroutines和線程
2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10" data-path="ch10/ch10.html">
<a href="../ch10/ch10.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>10.</b>
包和工具
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1" data-path="ch10/ch10-01.html">
<a href="../ch10/ch10-01.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>10.1.</b>
簡介
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.2" data-path="ch10/ch10-02.html">
<a href="../ch10/ch10-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>10.2.</b>
導入路徑
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.3" data-path="ch10/ch10-03.html">
<a href="../ch10/ch10-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>10.3.</b>
包聲明
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.4" data-path="ch10/ch10-04.html">
<a href="../ch10/ch10-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>10.4.</b>
導入聲明
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.5" data-path="ch10/ch10-05.html">
<a href="../ch10/ch10-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>10.5.</b>
匿名導入
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.6" data-path="ch10/ch10-06.html">
<a href="../ch10/ch10-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>10.6.</b>
包和命名
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.7" data-path="ch10/ch10-07.html">
<a href="../ch10/ch10-07.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>10.7.</b>
工具
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11" data-path="ch11/ch11.html">
<a href="../ch11/ch11.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>11.</b>
測試
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.1" data-path="ch11/ch11-01.html">
<a href="../ch11/ch11-01.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>11.1.</b>
go test
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.2" data-path="ch11/ch11-02.html">
<a href="../ch11/ch11-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>11.2.</b>
測試函數
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.3" data-path="ch11/ch11-03.html">
<a href="../ch11/ch11-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>11.3.</b>
測試覆蓋率
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.4" data-path="ch11/ch11-04.html">
<a href="../ch11/ch11-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>11.4.</b>
基準測試
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.5" data-path="ch11/ch11-05.html">
<a href="../ch11/ch11-05.html">
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<b>11.5.</b>
剖析
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.6" data-path="ch11/ch11-06.html">
<a href="../ch11/ch11-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>11.6.</b>
示例函數
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12" data-path="ch12/ch12.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12.html">
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<b>12.</b>
反射
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.1" data-path="ch12/ch12-01.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-01.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.1.</b>
2015-12-21 04:55:18 +00:00
爲何需要反射?
2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.2" data-path="ch12/ch12-02.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.2.</b>
reflect.Type和reflect.Value
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.3" data-path="ch12/ch12-03.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.3.</b>
Display遞歸打印
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.4" data-path="ch12/ch12-04.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.4.</b>
2015-12-21 04:55:18 +00:00
示例: 編碼S表達式
2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.5" data-path="ch12/ch12-05.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-05.html">
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<b>12.5.</b>
通過reflect.Value脩改值
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.6" data-path="ch12/ch12-06.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-06.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.6.</b>
2015-12-21 04:55:18 +00:00
示例: 解碼S表達式
2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.7" data-path="ch12/ch12-07.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-07.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.7.</b>
2015-12-28 08:08:26 +00:00
獲取結構體字段標識
2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.8" data-path="ch12/ch12-08.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-08.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.8.</b>
顯示一個類型的方法集
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.9" data-path="ch12/ch12-09.html">
<a href="../ch12/ch12-09.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.9.</b>
幾點忠告
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="13" data-path="ch13/ch13.html">
<a href="../ch13/ch13.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>13.</b>
底層編程
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.1" data-path="ch13/ch13-01.html">
<a href="../ch13/ch13-01.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>13.1.</b>
unsafe.Sizeof, Alignof 和 Offsetof
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.2" data-path="ch13/ch13-02.html">
<a href="../ch13/ch13-02.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>13.2.</b>
unsafe.Pointer
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.3" data-path="ch13/ch13-03.html">
<a href="../ch13/ch13-03.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>13.3.</b>
示例: 深度相等判斷
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.4" data-path="ch13/ch13-04.html">
<a href="../ch13/ch13-04.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>13.4.</b>
通過cgo調用C代碼
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.5" data-path="ch13/ch13-05.html">
<a href="../ch13/ch13-05.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>13.5.</b>
幾點忠告
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
2015-12-24 06:47:06 +00:00
<li class="chapter " data-level="14" data-path="CONTRIBUTORS.html">
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2015-12-24 06:47:06 +00:00
<a href="../CONTRIBUTORS.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>14.</b>
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2015-12-24 06:47:06 +00:00
附録
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<a href="../" >Go语言圣经</a>
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<h2 id="44-&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;">4.4. &#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;</h2>
2015-12-31 08:20:27 +00:00
<p>&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x7A2E;&#x805A;&#x5408;&#x7684;&#x6578;&#x64DA;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x7531;&#x96F6;&#x500B;&#x6216;&#x591A;&#x500B;&#x4EFB;&#x610F;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x503C;&#x805A;&#x5408;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x5BE6;&#x9AD4;&#x3002;&#x6BCF;&#x500B;&#x503C;&#x7A31;&#x7232;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x7684;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x3002;&#x662F;&#x7528;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x7684;&#x7D93;&#x5178;&#x6848;&#x4F8B;&#x8655;&#x7406;&#x516C;&#x53F8;&#x7684;&#x54E1;&#x5DE5;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#xFF0C;&#x6BCF;&#x500B;&#x54E1;&#x5DE5;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x552F;&#x4E00;&#x7684;&#x54E1;&#x5DE5;&#x7DE8;&#x865F;&#x3001;&#x54E1;&#x5DE5;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x3001;&#x5BB6;&#x5EAD;&#x4F4F;&#x5740;&#x3001;&#x51FA;&#x751F;&#x65E5;&#x671F;&#x3001;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#x5D17;&#x4F4D;&#x3001;&#x85AA;&#x8CC7;&#x3001;&#x4E0A;&#x7D1A;&#x9818;&#x5C0E;&#x7B49;&#x7B49;&#x3002;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x7684;&#x9019;&#x4E9B;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x90FD;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x7D81;&#x5B9A;&#x5230;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x5BE6;&#x9AD4;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F5C;&#x7232;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x6574;&#x9AD4;&#x55AE;&#x5143;&#x88AB;&#x8907;&#x88FD;&#xFF0C;&#x4F5C;&#x7232;&#x51FD;&#x6578;&#x7684;&#x53C3;&#x6578;&#x6216;&#x8FD4;&#x8FF4;&#x503C;&#xFF0C;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x662F;&#x88AB;&#x5B58;&#x5132;&#x5230;&#x6578;&#x7D44;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x7B49;&#x7B49;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x5169;&#x500B;&#x8A9E;&#x53E5;&#x5206;&#x522B;&#x8072;&#x660E;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x53EB;Employee&#x7684;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x4F75;&#x4E14;&#x8072;&#x660E;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x500B;Employee&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x8B8A;&#x91CF;dilbert&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> Employee <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> {
ID <span class="hljs-typename">int</span>
Name <span class="hljs-typename">string</span>
Address <span class="hljs-typename">string</span>
DoB time.Time
Position <span class="hljs-typename">string</span>
Salary <span class="hljs-typename">int</span>
ManagerID <span class="hljs-typename">int</span>
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> dilbert Employee
</code></pre>
<p>dilbert&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x8B8A;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x904E;&#x9EDE;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7B26;&#x8A2A;&#x554F;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;dilbert.Name&#x548C;dilbert.DoB&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x7232;dilbert&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x8B8A;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x7684;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x4E5F;&#x540C;&#x6A23;&#x662F;&#x8B8A;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5C0D;&#x6BCF;&#x500B;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x8CE6;&#x503C;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go">dilbert.Salary -= <span class="hljs-number">5000</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// demoted, for writing too few lines of code</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x662F;&#x5C0D;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x53D6;&#x5730;&#x5740;&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x5F8C;&#x901A;&#x904E;&#x6307;&#x91DD;&#x8A2A;&#x554F;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go">position := &amp;dilbert.Position
*position = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Senior &quot;</span> + *position <span class="hljs-comment">// promoted, for outsourcing to Elbonia</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x9EDE;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7B26;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x548C;&#x6307;&#x5411;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x7684;&#x6307;&#x91DD;&#x4E00;&#x8D77;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> employeeOfTheMonth *Employee = &amp;dilbert
employeeOfTheMonth.Position += <span class="hljs-string">&quot; (proactive team player)&quot;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x76F8;&#x7576;&#x65BC;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x8A9E;&#x53E5;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go">(*employeeOfTheMonth).Position += <span class="hljs-string">&quot; (proactive team player)&quot;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>EmployeeByID&#x51FD;&#x6578;&#x5C07;&#x6839;&#x64DA;&#x7D66;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x54E1;&#x5DE5;ID&#x8FD4;&#x8FF4;&#x5C0D;&#x61C9;&#x7684;&#x54E1;&#x5DE5;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x7684;&#x6307;&#x91DD;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x9EDE;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7B26;&#x4F86;&#x8A2A;&#x554F;&#x5B83;&#x91CC;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> EmployeeByID(id <span class="hljs-typename">int</span>) *Employee { <span class="hljs-comment">/* ... */</span> }
fmt.Println(EmployeeByID(dilbert.ManagerID).Position) <span class="hljs-comment">// &quot;Pointy-haired boss&quot;</span>
id := dilbert.ID
EmployeeByID(id).Salary = <span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// fired for... no real reason</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5F8C;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x8A9E;&#x53E5;&#x901A;&#x904E;EmployeeByID&#x8FD4;&#x8FF4;&#x7684;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x6307;&#x91DD;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x4E86;Employee&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x7684;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x5C07;EmployeeByID&#x51FD;&#x6578;&#x7684;&#x8FD4;&#x8FF4;&#x503C;&#x5F9E;<code>*Employee</code>&#x6307;&#x91DD;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x6539;&#x7232;Employee&#x503C;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x9EBD;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x8A9E;&#x53E5;&#x5C07;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x7DE8;&#x8B6F;&#x901A;&#x904E;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x7232;&#x5728;&#x8CE6;&#x503C;&#x8A9E;&#x53E5;&#x7684;&#x5DE6;&#x908A;&#x4F75;&#x4E0D;&#x78BA;&#x5B9A;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x8B8A;&#x91CF;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x4E00;&#x884C;&#x5C0D;&#x61C9;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#xFF0C;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x5728;&#x524D;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x5728;&#x5F8C;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x904E;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x76F8;&#x9130;&#x7684;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x76F8;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x8A71;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x88AB;&#x5408;&#x4F75;&#x5230;&#x4E00;&#x884C;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x50CF;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;Name&#x548C;Address&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x90A3;&#x6A23;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> Employee <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> {
ID <span class="hljs-typename">int</span>
Name, Address <span class="hljs-typename">string</span>
DoB time.Time
Position <span class="hljs-typename">string</span>
Salary <span class="hljs-typename">int</span>
ManagerID <span class="hljs-typename">int</span>
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x7684;&#x8F38;&#x5165;&#x9806;&#x5E8F;&#x4E5F;&#x6709;&#x91CD;&#x8981;&#x7684;&#x610F;&#x7FA9;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5C07;Position&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x5408;&#x4F75;&#xFF08;&#x56E0;&#x7232;&#x4E5F;&#x662F;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x4E32;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x662F;&#x4EA4;&#x63DB;Name&#x548C;Address&#x51FA;&#x73FE;&#x7684;&#x5148;&#x5F8C;&#x9806;&#x5E8F;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x6A23;&#x7684;&#x8A71;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x5B9A;&#x7FA9;&#x4E86;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x3002;&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x96BB;&#x662F;&#x5C07;&#x76F8;&#x95DC;&#x7684;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x5408;&#x4F75;&#x5230;&#x4E00;&#x8D77;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x662F;&#x4EE5;&#x5927;&#x5BEB;&#x5B57;&#x6BCD;&#x958B;&#x982D;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x9EBD;&#x8A72;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x5C0E;&#x51FA;&#x7684;&#xFF1B;&#x9019;&#x662F;Go&#x8A9E;&#x8A00;&#x5C0E;&#x51FA;&#x898F;&#x5247;&#x6C7A;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x540C;&#x6642;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x5C0E;&#x51FA;&#x548C;&#x672A;&#x5C0E;&#x51FA;&#x7684;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x5F80;&#x5F80;&#x662F;&#x5197;&#x9577;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x7232;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x6BCF;&#x500B;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x90FD;&#x6703;&#x5360;&#x4E00;&#x884C;&#x3002;&#x96D6;&#x7136;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x6BCF;&#x6B21;&#x90FD;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x91CD;&#x5BEB;&#x6574;&#x500B;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x91CD;&#x8907;&#x6703;&#x4EE4;&#x4EBA;&#x53AD;&#x7169;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#xFF0C;&#x5B8C;&#x6574;&#x7684;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x5BEB;&#x6CD5;&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x96BB;&#x5728;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x8072;&#x660E;&#x8A9E;&#x53E5;&#x7684;&#x5730;&#x65B9;&#x51FA;&#x73FE;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x50CF;Employee&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x8072;&#x660E;&#x8A9E;&#x53E5;&#x90A3;&#x6A23;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x547D;&#x540D;&#x7232;S&#x7684;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x5C07;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x518D;&#x5305;&#x542B;S&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#xFF1A;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x805A;&#x5408;&#x7684;&#x503C;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x5B83;&#x81EA;&#x8EAB;&#x3002;&#xFF08;&#x8A72;&#x9650;&#x88FD;&#x540C;&#x6A23;&#x9069;&#x61C9;&#x65BC;&#x6578;&#x7D44;&#x3002;&#xFF09;&#x4F46;&#x662F;S&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5305;&#x542B;<code>*S</code>&#x6307;&#x91DD;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#xFF0C;&#x9019;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8B93;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x5275;&#x5EFA;&#x905E;&#x6B78;&#x7684;&#x6578;&#x64DA;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;&#x93C8;&#x8868;&#x548C;&#x6A39;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x7B49;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x78BC;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x4E8C;&#x53C9;&#x6A39;&#x4F86;&#x5BE6;&#x73FE;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x63D2;&#x5165;&#x6392;&#x5E8F;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go">gopl.io/ch4/treesort
<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> tree <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> {
value <span class="hljs-typename">int</span>
left, right *tree
}
<span class="hljs-comment">// Sort sorts values in place.</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> Sort(values []<span class="hljs-typename">int</span>) {
<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> root *tree
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> _, v := <span class="hljs-keyword">range</span> values {
root = add(root, v)
}
appendValues(values[:<span class="hljs-number">0</span>], root)
}
<span class="hljs-comment">// appendValues appends the elements of t to values in order</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// and returns the resulting slice.</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> appendValues(values []<span class="hljs-typename">int</span>, t *tree) []<span class="hljs-typename">int</span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> t != <span class="hljs-constant">nil</span> {
values = appendValues(values, t.left)
values = <span class="hljs-built_in">append</span>(values, t.value)
values = appendValues(values, t.right)
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> values
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> add(t *tree, value <span class="hljs-typename">int</span>) *tree {
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> t == <span class="hljs-constant">nil</span> {
<span class="hljs-comment">// Equivalent to return &amp;tree{value: value}.</span>
t = <span class="hljs-built_in">new</span>(tree)
t.value = value
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> t
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> value &lt; t.value {
t.left = add(t.left, value)
} <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> {
t.right = add(t.right, value)
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> t
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x96F6;&#x503C;&#x662F;&#x6BCF;&#x500B;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x90FD;&#x5C0D;&#x662F;&#x96F6;&#x503C;&#x3002;&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x6703;&#x5C07;&#x96F6;&#x503C;&#x4F5C;&#x7232;&#x6700;&#x5408;&#x7406;&#x7684;&#x9ED8;&#x8A8D;&#x503C;&#x3002;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;bytes.Buffer&#x985E;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x503C;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x96A8;&#x6642;&#x53EF;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x7A7A;&#x7DE9;&#x5B58;&#xFF0C;&#x9084;&#x6709;&#x5728;&#x7B2C;9&#x7AE0;&#x5C07;&#x6703;&#x8B1B;&#x5230;&#x7684;sync.Mutex&#x7684;&#x96F6;&#x503C;&#x4E5F;&#x662F;&#x6709;&#x6548;&#x7684;&#x672A;&#x9396;&#x72C0;&#x614B;&#x3002;&#x6709;&#x6642;&#x5019;&#x9019;&#x7A2E;&#x96F6;&#x503C;&#x53EF;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x7279;&#x6027;&#x662F;&#x81EA;&#x7136;&#x7372;&#x5F97;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x4E5F;&#x6709;&#x4E9B;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x984D;&#x5916;&#x7684;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x6C92;&#x6709;&#x4EFB;&#x4F55;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x7684;&#x8A71;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x7A7A;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#xFF0C;&#x5BEB;&#x4F5C;struct{}&#x3002;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x5927;&#x5C0F;&#x7232;0&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x4E0D;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x4EFB;&#x4F55;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x6709;&#x6642;&#x5019;&#x4F9D;&#x7136;&#x662F;&#x6709;&#x50F9;&#x503C;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x6709;&#x4E9B;Go&#x8A9E;&#x8A00;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x54E1;&#x7528;map&#x5E36;&#x6A21;&#x64EC;set&#x6578;&#x64DA;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x6642;&#xFF0C;&#x7528;&#x5B83;&#x4F86;&#x4EE3;&#x66FF;map&#x4E2D;&#x5E03;&#x723E;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x7684;value&#xFF0C;&#x96BB;&#x662F;&#x5F37;&#x8ABF;key&#x7684;&#x91CD;&#x8981;&#x6027;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x56E0;&#x7232;&#x7BC0;&#x7D04;&#x7684;&#x7A7A;&#x9593;&#x6709;&#x9650;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x4E14;&#x8A9E;&#x6CD5;&#x6BD4;&#x8F03;&#x8907;&#x96DC;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x907F;&#x514D;&#x907F;&#x514D;&#x9019;&#x6A23;&#x7684;&#x7528;&#x6CD5;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go">seen := <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">map</span>[<span class="hljs-typename">string</span>]<span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span>{}) <span class="hljs-comment">// set of strings</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// ...</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> _, ok := seen[s]; !ok {
seen[s] = <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span>{}{}
<span class="hljs-comment">// ...first time seeing s...</span>
}
</code></pre>
2015-12-28 08:08:26 +00:00
<h3 id="441-&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x9762;&#x503C;">4.4.1. &#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x9762;&#x503C;</h3>
2015-12-31 08:20:27 +00:00
<p>&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x503C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x9762;&#x503C;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#xFF0C;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x9762;&#x503C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x6BCF;&#x500B;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x7684;&#x503C;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> Point <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span>{ X, Y <span class="hljs-typename">int</span> }
p := Point{<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x9019;&#x91CC;&#x6709;&#x5169;&#x7A2E;&#x5F62;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x9762;&#x503C;&#x8A9E;&#x6CD5;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0A;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x7A2E;&#x5BEB;&#x6CD5;&#xFF0C;&#x8981;&#x6C42;&#x4EE5;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x5B9A;&#x7FA9;&#x7684;&#x9806;&#x5E8F;&#x7232;&#x6BCF;&#x500B;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x9762;&#x503C;&#x3002;&#x5B83;&#x8981;&#x6C42;&#x5BEB;&#x4EE3;&#x78BC;&#x548C;&#x8B80;&#x4EE3;&#x78BC;&#x7684;&#x4EBA;&#x8981;&#x8A18;&#x4F4F;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x7684;&#x6BCF;&#x500B;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x7684;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x548C;&#x9806;&#x5E8F;&#xFF0C;&#x4F75;&#x4E14;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x6709;&#x7D30;&#x5FAE;&#x7684;&#x8ABF;&#x6574;&#x5C31;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x5C0E;&#x81F4;&#x4E0A;&#x8FF0;&#x4EE3;&#x78BC;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x7DE8;&#x8B6F;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0A;&#x8FF0;&#x7684;&#x8A9E;&#x6CD5;&#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x96BB;&#x5728;&#x5B9A;&#x7FA9;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x7684;&#x5305;&#x5167;&#x90E8;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x662F;&#x5728;&#x8F03;&#x5C0F;&#x7684;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x4E2D;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x9019;&#x4E9B;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x7684;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x6392;&#x5217;&#x6BD4;&#x8F03;&#x898F;&#x5247;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;image.Point{x, y}&#x6216;color.RGBA{red, green, blue, alpha}&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5176;&#x5BE6;&#x66F4;&#x5E38;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#x7A2E;&#x5BEB;&#x6CD5;&#xFF0C;&#x4EE5;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x548C;&#x76F8;&#x61C9;&#x7684;&#x503C;&#x4F86;&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x6216;&#x5168;&#x90E8;&#x7684;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;1.4&#x7BC0;&#x7684;Lissajous&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x7684;&#x5BEB;&#x6CD5;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go">anim := gif.GIF{LoopCount: nframes}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5728;&#x9019;&#x7A2E;&#x5F62;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x9762;&#x503C;&#x5BEB;&#x6CD5;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x88AB;&#x5FFD;&#x7565;&#x7684;&#x8A71;&#x5C07;&#x9ED8;&#x8A8D;&#x7528;&#x96F6;&#x503C;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x7232;&#xFF0C;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E86;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x51FA;&#x73FE;&#x7684;&#x9806;&#x5E8F;&#x4F75;&#x4E0D;&#x91CD;&#x8981;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5169;&#x7A2E;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x5F62;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x5BEB;&#x6CD5;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x6DF7;&#x5408;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x3002;&#x800C;&#x4E14;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x4F01;&#x5716;&#x5728;&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#x5305;&#x4E2D;&#x7528;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x7A2E;&#x9806;&#x5E8F;&#x8CE6;&#x503C;&#x7684;&#x6280;&#x5DE7;&#x4F86;&#x5077;&#x5077;&#x5730;&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x4E2D;&#x672A;&#x5C0E;&#x51FA;&#x7684;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> p
<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> T <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span>{ a, b <span class="hljs-typename">int</span> } <span class="hljs-comment">// a and b are not exported</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> q
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;p&quot;</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> _ = p.T{a: <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, b: <span class="hljs-number">2</span>} <span class="hljs-comment">// compile error: can&apos;t reference a, b</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> _ = p.T{<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>} <span class="hljs-comment">// compile error: can&apos;t reference a, b</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x96D6;&#x7136;&#x4E0A;&#x9762;&#x6700;&#x5F8C;&#x4E00;&#x884C;&#x4EE3;&#x78BC;&#x7684;&#x7DE8;&#x8B6F;&#x932F;&#x8AA4;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x4E2D;&#x4F75;&#x6C92;&#x6709;&#x986F;&#x5F0F;&#x63D0;&#x5230;&#x672A;&#x5C0E;&#x51FA;&#x7684;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x9019;&#x6A23;&#x4F01;&#x5716;&#x96B1;&#x5F0F;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x672A;&#x5C0E;&#x51FA;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x7684;&#x884C;&#x7232;&#x4E5F;&#x662F;&#x4E0D;&#x5141;&#x8A31;&#x7684;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F5C;&#x7232;&#x51FD;&#x6578;&#x7684;&#x53C3;&#x6578;&#x548C;&#x8FD4;&#x8FF4;&#x503C;&#x3002;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;&#x9019;&#x500B;Scale&#x51FD;&#x6578;&#x5C07;Point&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x503C;&#x7E2E;&#x653E;&#x5F8C;&#x8FD4;&#x8FF4;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> Scale(p Point, factor <span class="hljs-typename">int</span>) Point {
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> Point{p.X * factor, p.Y * factor}
}
fmt.Println(Scale(Point{<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>}, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>)) <span class="hljs-comment">// &quot;{5 10}&quot;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x8003;&#x616E;&#x6548;&#x7387;&#x7684;&#x8A71;&#xFF0C;&#x8F03;&#x5927;&#x7684;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x6703;&#x7528;&#x6307;&#x91DD;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x50B3;&#x5165;&#x548C;&#x8FD4;&#x8FF4;&#xFF0C;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> Bonus(e *Employee, percent <span class="hljs-typename">int</span>) <span class="hljs-typename">int</span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> e.Salary * percent / <span class="hljs-number">100</span>
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x8981;&#x5728;&#x51FD;&#x6578;&#x5167;&#x90E8;&#x8129;&#x6539;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x7684;&#x8A71;&#xFF0C;&#x7528;&#x6307;&#x91DD;&#x50B3;&#x5165;&#x662F;&#x5FC5;&#x9B1A;&#x7684;&#xFF1B;&#x56E0;&#x7232;&#x5728;Go&#x8A9E;&#x8A00;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x7684;&#x51FD;&#x6578;&#x53C3;&#x6578;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x503C;&#x62F7;&#x8C9D;&#x51FA;&#x5165;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x51FD;&#x6578;&#x53C3;&#x6578;&#x5C07;&#x4E0D;&#x518D;&#x662F;&#x51FD;&#x6578;&#x8ABF;&#x7528;&#x6642;&#x7684;&#x539F;&#x59CB;&#x8B8A;&#x91CF;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> AwardAnnualRaise(e *Employee) {
e.Salary = e.Salary * <span class="hljs-number">105</span> / <span class="hljs-number">100</span>
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x56E0;&#x7232;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x901A;&#x904E;&#x6307;&#x91DD;&#x8655;&#x7406;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x5BEB;&#x6CD5;&#x4F86;&#x5275;&#x5EFA;&#x4F75;&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x8B8A;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x4F75;&#x8FD4;&#x8FF4;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x7684;&#x5730;&#x5740;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go">pp := &amp;Point{<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5B83;&#x662F;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x8A9E;&#x53E5;&#x662F;&#x7B49;&#x50F9;&#x7684;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go">pp := <span class="hljs-built_in">new</span>(Point)
*pp = Point{<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4E0D;&#x904E;&amp;Point{1, 2}&#x5BEB;&#x6CD5;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x5728;&#x8868;&#x9054;&#x5F0F;&#x4E2D;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x51FD;&#x6578;&#x8ABF;&#x7528;&#x3002;</p>
2015-12-28 08:08:26 +00:00
<h3 id="442-&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x6BD4;&#x8F03;">4.4.2. &#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x6BD4;&#x8F03;</h3>
2015-12-31 08:20:27 +00:00
<p>&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x7684;&#x5168;&#x90E8;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6BD4;&#x8F03;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x9EBD;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x4E5F;&#x662F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6BD4;&#x8F03;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x6A23;&#x7684;&#x8A71;&#x5169;&#x500B;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x5C07;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;==&#x6216;!=&#x904B;&#x7B97;&#x7B26;&#x9032;&#x884C;&#x6BD4;&#x8F03;&#x3002;&#x76F8;&#x7B49;&#x6BD4;&#x8F03;&#x904B;&#x7B97;&#x7B26;==&#x5C07;&#x6BD4;&#x8F03;&#x5169;&#x500B;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x7684;&#x6BCF;&#x500B;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x5169;&#x500B;&#x6BD4;&#x8F03;&#x7684;&#x8868;&#x9054;&#x5F0F;&#x662F;&#x7B49;&#x50F9;&#x7684;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> Point <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span>{ X, Y <span class="hljs-typename">int</span> }
p := Point{<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>}
q := Point{<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>}
fmt.Println(p.X == q.X &amp;&amp; p.Y == q.Y) <span class="hljs-comment">// &quot;false&quot;</span>
fmt.Println(p == q) <span class="hljs-comment">// &quot;false&quot;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x53EF;&#x6BD4;&#x8F03;&#x7684;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x548C;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x53EF;&#x6BD4;&#x8F03;&#x7684;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x4E00;&#x6A23;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;&#x65BC;map&#x7684;key&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> address <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> {
hostname <span class="hljs-typename">string</span>
port <span class="hljs-typename">int</span>
}
hits := <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">map</span>[address]<span class="hljs-typename">int</span>)
hits[address{<span class="hljs-string">&quot;golang.org&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-number">443</span>}]++
</code></pre>
2015-12-28 08:08:26 +00:00
<h3 id="443-&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x5D4C;&#x5165;&#x548C;&#x533F;&#x540D;&#x6210;&#x54E1;">4.4.3. &#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x5D4C;&#x5165;&#x548C;&#x533F;&#x540D;&#x6210;&#x54E1;</h3>
2015-12-31 08:20:27 +00:00
<p>&#x5728;&#x672C;&#x7BC0;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x5C07;&#x770B;&#x5230;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;Go&#x8A9E;&#x8A00;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x7684;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x5C0B;&#x5E38;&#x7684;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x5D4C;&#x5165;&#x6A5F;&#x88FD;&#x8B93;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x547D;&#x540D;&#x7684;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x53E6;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x533F;&#x540D;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#xFF0C;&#x9019;&#x6A23;&#x5C31;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x904E;&#x7C21;&#x55AE;&#x7684;&#x9EDE;&#x904B;&#x7B97;&#x7B26;x.f&#x4F86;&#x8A2A;&#x554F;&#x533F;&#x540D;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x93C8;&#x4E2D;&#x5D4C;&#x5957;&#x7684;x.d.e.f&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x8003;&#x616E;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x4E8C;&#x7DAD;&#x7684;&#x7E6A;&#x5716;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#xFF0C;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x5404;&#x7A2E;&#x5716;&#x5F62;&#x7684;&#x5EAB;&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#x77E9;&#x5F62;&#x3001;&#x6A62;&#x5713;&#x5F62;&#x3001;&#x661F;&#x5F62;&#x548C;&#x8F2A;&#x5F62;&#x7B49;&#x5E7E;&#x4F55;&#x5F62;&#x72C0;&#x3002;&#x9019;&#x91CC;&#x662F;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x5169;&#x500B;&#x7684;&#x5B9A;&#x7FA9;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> Circle <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> {
X, Y, Radius <span class="hljs-typename">int</span>
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> Wheel <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> {
X, Y, Radius, Spokes <span class="hljs-typename">int</span>
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4E00;&#x500B;Circle&#x4EE3;&#x8868;&#x7684;&#x5713;&#x5F62;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x4E86;&#x6A19;&#x6E96;&#x5713;&#x5FC3;&#x7684;X&#x548C;Y&#x5750;&#x6A19;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#xFF0C;&#x548C;&#x4E00;&#x500B;Radius&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x7684;&#x534A;&#x5F91;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x3002;&#x4E00;&#x500B;Wheel&#x8F2A;&#x5F62;&#x9664;&#x4E86;&#x5305;&#x542B;Circle&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x7684;&#x5168;&#x90E8;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x5916;&#xFF0C;&#x9084;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#x4E86;Spokes&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x5F91;&#x5411;&#x8F3B;&#x689D;&#x7684;&#x6578;&#x91CF;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x9019;&#x6A23;&#x5275;&#x5EFA;&#x4E00;&#x500B;wheel&#x8B8A;&#x91CF;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> w Wheel
w.X = <span class="hljs-number">8</span>
w.Y = <span class="hljs-number">8</span>
w.Radius = <span class="hljs-number">5</span>
w.Spokes = <span class="hljs-number">20</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x96A8;&#x7740;&#x5EAB;&#x4E2D;&#x5E7E;&#x4F55;&#x5F62;&#x72C0;&#x6578;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x589E;&#x591A;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x4E00;&#x5B9A;&#x6703;&#x8A3B;&#x610F;&#x5230;&#x5B83;&#x5011;&#x4E4B;&#x9593;&#x7684;&#x76F8;&#x4F3C;&#x548C;&#x91CD;&#x8907;&#x4E4B;&#x8655;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x7232;&#x4E86;&#x4FBF;&#x65BC;&#x7DAD;&#x8B77;&#x800C;&#x5C07;&#x76F8;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x5C6C;&#x6027;&#x7368;&#x7ACB;&#x51FA;&#x4F86;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> Point <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> {
X, Y <span class="hljs-typename">int</span>
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> Circle <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> {
Center Point
Radius <span class="hljs-typename">int</span>
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> Wheel <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> {
Circle Circle
Spokes <span class="hljs-typename">int</span>
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x9019;&#x6A23;&#x6539;&#x52D5;&#x4E4B;&#x5F8C;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x8B8A;&#x7684;&#x6E05;&#x6670;&#x4E86;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x9019;&#x7A2E;&#x8129;&#x6539;&#x540C;&#x6642;&#x4E5F;&#x5C0E;&#x81F4;&#x4E86;&#x8A2A;&#x554F;&#x6BCF;&#x500B;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x8B8A;&#x5F97;&#x7E41;&#x7463;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> w Wheel
w.Circle.Center.X = <span class="hljs-number">8</span>
w.Circle.Center.Y = <span class="hljs-number">8</span>
w.Circle.Radius = <span class="hljs-number">5</span>
w.Spokes = <span class="hljs-number">20</span>
</code></pre>
<p>Go&#x8A9E;&#x8A00;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x7279;&#x6027;&#x8B93;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x96BB;&#x8072;&#x660E;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x5C0D;&#x61C9;&#x7684;&#x6578;&#x64DA;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x6307;&#x540D;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#xFF1B;&#x9019;&#x985E;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x5C31;&#x53EB;&#x533F;&#x540D;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x3002;&#x533F;&#x540D;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x7684;&#x6578;&#x64DA;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x5FC5;&#x9B1A;&#x662F;&#x547D;&#x540D;&#x7684;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x6216;&#x6307;&#x5411;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x547D;&#x540D;&#x7684;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x6307;&#x91DD;&#x3002;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x78BC;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;Circle&#x548C;Wheel&#x5404;&#x81EA;&#x90FD;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x533F;&#x540D;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8AAC;Point&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x88AB;&#x5D4C;&#x5165;&#x4E86;Circle&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#xFF0C;&#x540C;&#x6642;Circle&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x88AB;&#x5D4C;&#x5165;&#x4E86;Wheel&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> Circle <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> {
Point
Radius <span class="hljs-typename">int</span>
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> Wheel <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> {
Circle
Spokes <span class="hljs-typename">int</span>
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5F97;&#x610F;&#x65BC;&#x533F;&#x540D;&#x5D4C;&#x5165;&#x7684;&#x7279;&#x6027;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x8A2A;&#x554F;&#x8449;&#x5B50;&#x5C6C;&#x6027;&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x7D66;&#x51FA;&#x5B8C;&#x6574;&#x7684;&#x8DEF;&#x5F91;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> w Wheel
w.X = <span class="hljs-number">8</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// equivalent to w.Circle.Point.X = 8</span>
w.Y = <span class="hljs-number">8</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// equivalent to w.Circle.Point.Y = 8</span>
w.Radius = <span class="hljs-number">5</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// equivalent to w.Circle.Radius = 5</span>
w.Spokes = <span class="hljs-number">20</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5728;&#x53F3;&#x908A;&#x7684;&#x8A3B;&#x91CB;&#x4E2D;&#x7D66;&#x51FA;&#x7684;&#x986F;&#x5F0F;&#x5F62;&#x5F0F;&#x8A2A;&#x554F;&#x9019;&#x4E9B;&#x8449;&#x5B50;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x7684;&#x8A9E;&#x6CD5;&#x4F9D;&#x7136;&#x6709;&#x6548;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x533F;&#x540D;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x4F75;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x771E;&#x7684;&#x7121;&#x6CD5;&#x8A2A;&#x554F;&#x4E86;&#x3002;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x533F;&#x540D;&#x6210;&#x54E1;Circle&#x548C;Point&#x90FD;&#x6709;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x2014;&#x2014;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x547D;&#x540D;&#x7684;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x2014;&#x2014;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x9019;&#x4E9B;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x5728;&#x9EDE;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7B26;&#x4E2D;&#x662F;&#x53EF;&#x9078;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x5728;&#x8A2A;&#x554F;&#x5B50;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x7684;&#x6642;&#x5019;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5FFD;&#x7565;&#x4EFB;&#x4F55;&#x533F;&#x540D;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E0D;&#x5E78;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#xFF0C;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x5B57;&#x9762;&#x503C;&#x4F75;&#x6C92;&#x6709;&#x7C21;&#x77ED;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x533F;&#x540D;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x7684;&#x8A9E;&#x6CD5;&#xFF0C; &#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x8A9E;&#x53E5;&#x90FD;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x7DE8;&#x8B6F;&#x901A;&#x904E;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go">w = Wheel{<span class="hljs-number">8</span>, <span class="hljs-number">8</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, <span class="hljs-number">20</span>} <span class="hljs-comment">// compile error: unknown fields</span>
w = Wheel{X: <span class="hljs-number">8</span>, Y: <span class="hljs-number">8</span>, Radius: <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, Spokes: <span class="hljs-number">20</span>} <span class="hljs-comment">// compile error: unknown fields</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x5B57;&#x9762;&#x503C;&#x5FC5;&#x9B1A;&#x9075;&#x5FAA;&#x5F62;&#x72C0;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x8072;&#x660E;&#x6642;&#x7684;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x96BB;&#x80FD;&#x7528;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x5169;&#x7A2E;&#x8A9E;&#x6CD5;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x5011;&#x5F7C;&#x6B64;&#x662F;&#x7B49;&#x50F9;&#x7684;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go">gopl.io/ch4/embed
w = Wheel{Circle{Point{<span class="hljs-number">8</span>, <span class="hljs-number">8</span>}, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>}, <span class="hljs-number">20</span>}
w = Wheel{
Circle: Circle{
Point: Point{X: <span class="hljs-number">8</span>, Y: <span class="hljs-number">8</span>},
Radius: <span class="hljs-number">5</span>,
},
Spokes: <span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-comment">// <span class="hljs-doctag">NOTE:</span> trailing comma necessary here (and at Radius)</span>
}
fmt.Printf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;%#v\n&quot;</span>, w)
<span class="hljs-comment">// Output:</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// Wheel{Circle:Circle{Point:Point{X:8, Y:8}, Radius:5}, Spokes:20}</span>
w.X = <span class="hljs-number">42</span>
fmt.Printf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;%#v\n&quot;</span>, w)
<span class="hljs-comment">// Output:</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// Wheel{Circle:Circle{Point:Point{X:42, Y:8}, Radius:5}, Spokes:20}</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x8A3B;&#x610F;&#x7684;&#x662F;Printf&#x51FD;&#x6578;&#x4E2D;%v&#x53C3;&#x6578;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x7684;#&#x526F;&#x8A5E;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x7528;&#x548C;Go&#x8A9E;&#x8A00;&#x985E;&#x4F3C;&#x7684;&#x8A9E;&#x6CD5;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x503C;&#x3002;&#x5C0D;&#x65BC;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x4F86;&#x8AAC;&#xFF0C;&#x5C07;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x6BCF;&#x500B;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x56E0;&#x7232;&#x533F;&#x540D;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x4E5F;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x96B1;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x540C;&#x6642;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x5169;&#x500B;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x76F8;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x533F;&#x540D;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#xFF0C;&#x9019;&#x6703;&#x5C0E;&#x81F4;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x885D;&#x7A81;&#x3002;&#x540C;&#x6642;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x7232;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x662F;&#x7531;&#x5176;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x96B1;&#x5F0F;&#x5730;&#x6C7A;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x533F;&#x540D;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x4E5F;&#x6709;&#x53EF;&#x898B;&#x6027;&#x7684;&#x898F;&#x5247;&#x7D04;&#x675F;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x4E0A;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;Point&#x548C;Circle&#x533F;&#x540D;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x5C0E;&#x51FA;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x537D;&#x4F7F;&#x5B83;&#x5011;&#x4E0D;&#x5C0E;&#x51FA;&#xFF08;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;&#x6539;&#x6210;&#x5C0F;&#x5BEB;&#x5B57;&#x6BCD;&#x958B;&#x982D;&#x7684;point&#x548C;circle&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x4F9D;&#x7136;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;&#x7C21;&#x77ED;&#x5F62;&#x5F0F;&#x8A2A;&#x554F;&#x533F;&#x540D;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x5D4C;&#x5957;&#x7684;&#x6210;&#x54E1;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go">w.X = <span class="hljs-number">8</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// equivalent to w.circle.point.X = 8</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x5728;&#x5305;&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x7232;circle&#x548C;point&#x6C92;&#x6709;&#x5C0E;&#x51FA;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x8A2A;&#x554F;&#x5B83;&#x5011;&#x7684;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x7C21;&#x77ED;&#x8A9E;&#x6CD5;&#x4E5F;&#x662F;&#x7981;&#x6B62;&#x7684;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5230;&#x76EE;&#x524D;&#x672A;&#x77E5;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x770B;&#x5230;&#x533F;&#x540D;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x7279;&#x6027;&#x96BB;&#x662F;&#x5C0D;&#x8A2A;&#x554F;&#x5D4C;&#x5957;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x7684;&#x9EDE;&#x904B;&#x7B97;&#x7B26;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E86;&#x7C21;&#x77ED;&#x7684;&#x8A9E;&#x6CD5;&#x91A3;&#x3002;&#x7A0D;&#x5F8C;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x5C07;&#x6703;&#x770B;&#x5230;&#x533F;&#x540D;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x4F75;&#x4E0D;&#x8981;&#x6C42;&#x662F;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#xFF1B;&#x5176;&#x5BE6;&#x4EFB;&#x4F55;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x7684;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x90FD;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F5C;&#x7232;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x7684;&#x533F;&#x540D;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x3002;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x7232;&#x4EC0;&#x9EBD;&#x8981;&#x5D4C;&#x5165;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x6C92;&#x6709;&#x4EFB;&#x4F55;&#x5B50;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x533F;&#x540D;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x5462;&#xFF1F;</p>
<p>&#x7B54;&#x6848;&#x662F;&#x533F;&#x540D;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x96C6;&#x3002;&#x7C21;&#x77ED;&#x7684;&#x9EDE;&#x904B;&#x7B97;&#x7B26;&#x8A9E;&#x6CD5;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;&#x65BC;&#x9078;&#x64C7;&#x533F;&#x540D;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x5D4C;&#x5957;&#x7684;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;&#x65BC;&#x8A2A;&#x554F;&#x5B83;&#x5011;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x3002;&#x5BE6;&#x969B;&#x4E0A;&#xFF0C;&#x5916;&#x5C64;&#x7684;&#x7D50;&#x69CB;&#x9AD4;&#x4E0D;&#x50C5;&#x50C5;&#x662F;&#x7372;&#x5F97;&#x4E86;&#x533F;&#x540D;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x6210;&#x54E1;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x4E14;&#x4E5F;&#x7372;&#x5F97;&#x4E86;&#x8A72;&#x985E;&#x578B;&#x5C0E;&#x51FA;&#x7684;&#x5168;&#x90E8;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x3002;&#x9019;&#x500B;&#x6A5F;&#x88FD;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;&#x65BC;&#x5C07;&#x4E00;&#x500B;&#x6709;&#x7C21;&#x55AE;&#x884C;&#x7232;&#x7684;&#x5C0D;&#x8C61;&#x7D44;&#x5408;&#x6210;&#x6709;&#x8907;&#x96DC;&#x884C;&#x7232;&#x7684;&#x5C0D;&#x8C61;&#x3002;&#x7D44;&#x5408;&#x662F;Go&#x8A9E;&#x8A00;&#x4E2D;&#x9762;&#x5411;&#x5C0D;&#x8C61;&#x7DE8;&#x7A0B;&#x7684;&#x8988;&#x5FC3;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x5011;&#x5C07;&#x5728;6.3&#x7BC0;&#x4E2D;&#x5C08;&#x9580;&#x8A0E;&#x8AD6;&#x3002;</p>
2015-12-09 07:57:17 +00:00
</section>
</div>
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