mirror of
https://github.com/gopl-zh/gopl-zh.github.com.git
synced 2024-11-24 15:18:57 +00:00
2165 lines
69 KiB
HTML
2165 lines
69 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
|
|
<html lang="zh-tw" >
|
|
|
|
<head>
|
|
|
|
<meta charset="UTF-8">
|
|
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
|
|
<title>示例: 聊天服務 | Go编程语言</title>
|
|
<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type">
|
|
<meta name="description" content="">
|
|
<meta name="generator" content="GitBook 2.5.2">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true"/>
|
|
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=no">
|
|
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
|
|
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black">
|
|
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="152x152" href="../gitbook/images/apple-touch-icon-precomposed-152.png">
|
|
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="../gitbook/images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon">
|
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/style.css">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-highlight/website.css">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/website.css">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="next" href="../ch9/ch9.html" />
|
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="prev" href="../ch8/ch8-09.html" />
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</head>
|
|
<body>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="book" data-level="8.10" data-chapter-title="示例: 聊天服務" data-filepath="ch8/ch8-10.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="book-summary">
|
|
<nav role="navigation">
|
|
<ul class="summary">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="0" data-path="index.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../index.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
前言
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="0.1" data-path="ch0/ch0-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch0/ch0-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>0.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
Go語言起源
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="0.2" data-path="ch0/ch0-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch0/ch0-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>0.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
Go語言項目
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="0.3" data-path="ch0/ch0-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch0/ch0-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>0.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
本書的組織
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="0.4" data-path="ch0/ch0-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch0/ch0-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>0.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
更多的信息
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="0.5" data-path="ch0/ch0-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch0/ch0-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>0.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
致謝
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="1" data-path="ch1/ch1.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch1/ch1.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>1.</b>
|
|
|
|
入門
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1" data-path="ch1/ch1-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch1/ch1-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>1.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
Hello, World
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2" data-path="ch1/ch1-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch1/ch1-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>1.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
命令行參數
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3" data-path="ch1/ch1-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch1/ch1-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>1.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
査找重複的行
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4" data-path="ch1/ch1-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch1/ch1-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>1.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
GIF動畵
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5" data-path="ch1/ch1-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch1/ch1-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>1.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
穫取URL
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6" data-path="ch1/ch1-06.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch1/ch1-06.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>1.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
併發穫取多個URL
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7" data-path="ch1/ch1-07.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch1/ch1-07.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>1.7.</b>
|
|
|
|
Web服務
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8" data-path="ch1/ch1-08.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch1/ch1-08.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>1.8.</b>
|
|
|
|
本章要點
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="2" data-path="ch2/ch2.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch2/ch2.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>2.</b>
|
|
|
|
程序結構
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.1" data-path="ch2/ch2-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch2/ch2-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>2.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
命名
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.2" data-path="ch2/ch2-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch2/ch2-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>2.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
聲明
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.3" data-path="ch2/ch2-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch2/ch2-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>2.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
變量
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.4" data-path="ch2/ch2-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch2/ch2-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>2.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
賦值
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.5" data-path="ch2/ch2-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch2/ch2-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>2.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
類型
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6" data-path="ch2/ch2-06.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch2/ch2-06.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>2.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
包和文件
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.7" data-path="ch2/ch2-07.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch2/ch2-07.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>2.7.</b>
|
|
|
|
作用域
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="3" data-path="ch3/ch3.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch3/ch3.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>3.</b>
|
|
|
|
基礎數據類型
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1" data-path="ch3/ch3-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch3/ch3-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>3.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
整型
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2" data-path="ch3/ch3-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch3/ch3-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>3.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
浮點數
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.3" data-path="ch3/ch3-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch3/ch3-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>3.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
複數
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4" data-path="ch3/ch3-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch3/ch3-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>3.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
布爾型
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5" data-path="ch3/ch3-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch3/ch3-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>3.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
字符串
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.6" data-path="ch3/ch3-06.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch3/ch3-06.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>3.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
常量
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4" data-path="ch4/ch4.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch4/ch4.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>4.</b>
|
|
|
|
複合數據類型
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1" data-path="ch4/ch4-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch4/ch4-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>4.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
數組
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2" data-path="ch4/ch4-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch4/ch4-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>4.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
切片
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3" data-path="ch4/ch4-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch4/ch4-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>4.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
字典
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4" data-path="ch4/ch4-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch4/ch4-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>4.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
結構體
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5" data-path="ch4/ch4-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch4/ch4-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>4.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
JSON
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6" data-path="ch4/ch4-06.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch4/ch4-06.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>4.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
文本和HTML模闆
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5" data-path="ch5/ch5.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.</b>
|
|
|
|
函數
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1" data-path="ch5/ch5-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
函數聲明
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2" data-path="ch5/ch5-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
遞歸
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3" data-path="ch5/ch5-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
多返迴值
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4" data-path="ch5/ch5-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
錯誤
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5" data-path="ch5/ch5-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
函數值
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6" data-path="ch5/ch5-06.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-06.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
匿名函數
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.7" data-path="ch5/ch5-07.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-07.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.7.</b>
|
|
|
|
可變參數
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.8" data-path="ch5/ch5-08.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-08.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.8.</b>
|
|
|
|
Deferred函數
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.9" data-path="ch5/ch5-09.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-09.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.9.</b>
|
|
|
|
Panic異常
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.10" data-path="ch5/ch5-10.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch5/ch5-10.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>5.10.</b>
|
|
|
|
Recover捕穫異常
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6" data-path="ch6/ch6.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch6/ch6.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>6.</b>
|
|
|
|
方法
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.1" data-path="ch6/ch6-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch6/ch6-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>6.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
方法聲明
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2" data-path="ch6/ch6-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch6/ch6-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>6.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
基於指針對象的方法
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3" data-path="ch6/ch6-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch6/ch6-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>6.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
通過嵌入結構體來擴展類型
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4" data-path="ch6/ch6-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch6/ch6-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>6.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
方法值和方法表達式
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5" data-path="ch6/ch6-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch6/ch6-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>6.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: Bit數組
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6" data-path="ch6/ch6-06.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch6/ch6-06.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>6.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
封裝
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7" data-path="ch7/ch7.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.</b>
|
|
|
|
接口
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.1" data-path="ch7/ch7-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
接口是合約
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2" data-path="ch7/ch7-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
接口類型
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3" data-path="ch7/ch7-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
實現接口的條件
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.4" data-path="ch7/ch7-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
flag.Value接口
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.5" data-path="ch7/ch7-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
接口值
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.6" data-path="ch7/ch7-06.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-06.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
sort.Interface接口
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.7" data-path="ch7/ch7-07.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-07.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.7.</b>
|
|
|
|
http.Handler接口
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.8" data-path="ch7/ch7-08.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-08.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.8.</b>
|
|
|
|
error接口
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.9" data-path="ch7/ch7-09.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-09.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.9.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 表達式求值
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.10" data-path="ch7/ch7-10.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-10.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.10.</b>
|
|
|
|
類型斷言
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.11" data-path="ch7/ch7-11.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-11.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.11.</b>
|
|
|
|
基於類型斷言識别錯誤類型
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.12" data-path="ch7/ch7-12.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-12.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.12.</b>
|
|
|
|
通過類型斷言査詢接口
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.13" data-path="ch7/ch7-13.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-13.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.13.</b>
|
|
|
|
類型分支
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.14" data-path="ch7/ch7-14.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-14.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.14.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 基於標記的XML解碼
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.15" data-path="ch7/ch7-15.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch7/ch7-15.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>7.15.</b>
|
|
|
|
補充幾點
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8" data-path="ch8/ch8.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.</b>
|
|
|
|
Goroutines和Channels
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.1" data-path="ch8/ch8-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
Goroutines
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.2" data-path="ch8/ch8-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 併發的Clock服務
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.3" data-path="ch8/ch8-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 併發的Echo服務
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4" data-path="ch8/ch8-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
Channels
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.5" data-path="ch8/ch8-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
併行的循環
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.6" data-path="ch8/ch8-06.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-06.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 併發的Web爬蟲
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.7" data-path="ch8/ch8-07.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-07.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.7.</b>
|
|
|
|
基於select的多路複用
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.8" data-path="ch8/ch8-08.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-08.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.8.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 併發的字典遍歷
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.9" data-path="ch8/ch8-09.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-09.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.9.</b>
|
|
|
|
併發的退齣
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter active" data-level="8.10" data-path="ch8/ch8-10.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-10.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>8.10.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 聊天服務
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="9" data-path="ch9/ch9.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch9/ch9.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>9.</b>
|
|
|
|
基於共享變量的併發
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.1" data-path="ch9/ch9-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch9/ch9-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>9.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
競爭條件
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.2" data-path="ch9/ch9-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch9/ch9-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>9.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
sync.Mutex互斥鎖
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.3" data-path="ch9/ch9-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch9/ch9-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>9.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
sync.RWMutex讀寫鎖
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.4" data-path="ch9/ch9-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch9/ch9-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>9.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
內存同步
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.5" data-path="ch9/ch9-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch9/ch9-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>9.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
sync.Once初始化
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.6" data-path="ch9/ch9-06.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch9/ch9-06.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>9.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
競爭條件檢測
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.7" data-path="ch9/ch9-07.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch9/ch9-07.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>9.7.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 併發的非阻塞緩存
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.8" data-path="ch9/ch9-08.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch9/ch9-08.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>9.8.</b>
|
|
|
|
Goroutines和線程
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="10" data-path="ch10/ch10.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch10/ch10.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>10.</b>
|
|
|
|
包和工具
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1" data-path="ch10/ch10-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch10/ch10-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>10.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
簡介
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.2" data-path="ch10/ch10-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch10/ch10-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>10.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
導入路徑
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.3" data-path="ch10/ch10-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch10/ch10-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>10.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
包聲明
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.4" data-path="ch10/ch10-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch10/ch10-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>10.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
導入聲明
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.5" data-path="ch10/ch10-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch10/ch10-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>10.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
匿名導入
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.6" data-path="ch10/ch10-06.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch10/ch10-06.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>10.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
包和命名
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.7" data-path="ch10/ch10-07.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch10/ch10-07.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>10.7.</b>
|
|
|
|
工具
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="11" data-path="ch11/ch11.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch11/ch11.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>11.</b>
|
|
|
|
測試
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.1" data-path="ch11/ch11-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch11/ch11-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>11.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
go test
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.2" data-path="ch11/ch11-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch11/ch11-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>11.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
測試函數
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.3" data-path="ch11/ch11-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch11/ch11-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>11.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
測試覆蓋率
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.4" data-path="ch11/ch11-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch11/ch11-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>11.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
基準測試
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.5" data-path="ch11/ch11-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch11/ch11-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>11.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
剖析
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.6" data-path="ch11/ch11-06.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch11/ch11-06.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>11.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例函數
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12" data-path="ch12/ch12.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>12.</b>
|
|
|
|
反射
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.1" data-path="ch12/ch12-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>12.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
爲何需要反射?
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.2" data-path="ch12/ch12-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>12.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
reflect.Type和reflect.Value
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.3" data-path="ch12/ch12-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>12.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
Display遞歸打印
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.4" data-path="ch12/ch12-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>12.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 編碼S表達式
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.5" data-path="ch12/ch12-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>12.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
通過reflect.Value脩改值
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.6" data-path="ch12/ch12-06.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12-06.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>12.6.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 解碼S表達式
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.7" data-path="ch12/ch12-07.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12-07.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>12.7.</b>
|
|
|
|
穫取結構體字段標識
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.8" data-path="ch12/ch12-08.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12-08.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>12.8.</b>
|
|
|
|
顯示一個類型的方法集
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="12.9" data-path="ch12/ch12-09.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch12/ch12-09.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>12.9.</b>
|
|
|
|
幾點忠告
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="13" data-path="ch13/ch13.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch13/ch13.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>13.</b>
|
|
|
|
底層編程
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul class="articles">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.1" data-path="ch13/ch13-01.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch13/ch13-01.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>13.1.</b>
|
|
|
|
unsafe.Sizeof, Alignof 和 Offsetof
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.2" data-path="ch13/ch13-02.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch13/ch13-02.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>13.2.</b>
|
|
|
|
unsafe.Pointer
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.3" data-path="ch13/ch13-03.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch13/ch13-03.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>13.3.</b>
|
|
|
|
示例: 深度相等判斷
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.4" data-path="ch13/ch13-04.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch13/ch13-04.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>13.4.</b>
|
|
|
|
通過cgo調用C代碼
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="13.5" data-path="ch13/ch13-05.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch13/ch13-05.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>13.5.</b>
|
|
|
|
幾點忠告
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="14" data-path="CONTRIBUTORS.html">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../CONTRIBUTORS.html">
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
|
|
|
|
<b>14.</b>
|
|
|
|
附録
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="divider"></li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="https://www.gitbook.com" target="blank" class="gitbook-link">
|
|
本書使用 GitBook 釋出
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="book-body">
|
|
<div class="body-inner">
|
|
<div class="book-header" role="navigation">
|
|
<!-- Actions Left -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Title -->
|
|
<h1>
|
|
<i class="fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin"></i>
|
|
<a href="../" >Go编程语言</a>
|
|
</h1>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="page-wrapper" tabindex="-1" role="main">
|
|
<div class="page-inner">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<section class="normal" id="section-">
|
|
|
|
<h2 id="810-示例-聊天服務">8.10. 示例: 聊天服務</h2>
|
|
<p>我們用一個聊天服務器來終結本章節的內容，這個程序可以讓一些用戶通過服務器向其它所有用戶廣播文本消息。這個程序中有四種goroutine。main和broadcaster各自是一個goroutine實例，每一個客戶端的連接都會有一個handleConn和clientWriter的goroutine。broadcaster是select用法的不錯的樣例，因爲它需要處理三種不同類型的消息。
|
|
下面演示的main goroutine的工作，是listen和accept(譯註：網絡編程里的概念)從客戶端過來的連接。對每一個連接，程序都會建立一個新的handleConn的goroutine，就像我們在本章開頭的併發的echo服務器里所做的那樣。</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-go">gopl.io/ch8/chat
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
|
|
listener, err := net.Listen(<span class="hljs-string">"tcp"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"localhost:8000"</span>)
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-constant">nil</span> {
|
|
log.Fatal(err)
|
|
}
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> broadcaster()
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> {
|
|
conn, err := listener.Accept()
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-constant">nil</span> {
|
|
log.Print(err)
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">continue</span>
|
|
}
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> handleConn(conn)
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>然後是broadcaster的goroutine。他的內部變量clients會記録當前建立連接的客戶端集合。其記録的內容是每一個客戶端的消息發齣channel的"資格"信息。</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> client <span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span><- <span class="hljs-typename">string</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// an outgoing message channel</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> (
|
|
entering = <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> client)
|
|
leaving = <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> client)
|
|
messages = <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-typename">string</span>) <span class="hljs-comment">// all incoming client messages</span>
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> broadcaster() {
|
|
clients := <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">map</span>[client]<span class="hljs-typename">bool</span>) <span class="hljs-comment">// all connected clients</span>
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> {
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">select</span> {
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> msg := <-messages:
|
|
<span class="hljs-comment">// Broadcast incoming message to all</span>
|
|
<span class="hljs-comment">// clients' outgoing message channels.</span>
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> cli := <span class="hljs-keyword">range</span> clients {
|
|
cli <- msg
|
|
}
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> cli := <-entering:
|
|
clients[cli] = <span class="hljs-constant">true</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> cli := <-leaving:
|
|
<span class="hljs-built_in">delete</span>(clients, cli)
|
|
<span class="hljs-built_in">close</span>(cli)
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>broadcaster監聽來自全局的entering和leaving的channel來穫知客戶端的到來和離開事件。當其接收到其中的一個事件時，會更新clients集合，當該事件是離開行爲時，它會關閉客戶端的消息發齣channel。broadcaster也會監聽全局的消息channel，所有的客戶端都會向這個channel中發送消息。當broadcaster接收到什麽消息時，就會將其廣播至所有連接到服務端的客戶端。</p>
|
|
<p>現在讓我們看看每一個客戶端的goroutine。handleConn函數會爲它的客戶端創建一個消息發齣channel併通過entering channel來通知客戶端的到來。然後它會讀取客戶端發來的每一行文本，併通過全局的消息channel來將這些文本發送齣去，併爲每條消息帶上發送者的前綴來標明消息身份。當客戶端發送完畢後，handleConn會通過leaving這個channel來通知客戶端的離開併關閉連接。</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> handleConn(conn net.Conn) {
|
|
ch := <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-typename">string</span>) <span class="hljs-comment">// outgoing client messages</span>
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> clientWriter(conn, ch)
|
|
|
|
who := conn.RemoteAddr().String()
|
|
ch <- <span class="hljs-string">"You are "</span> + who
|
|
messages <- who + <span class="hljs-string">" has arrived"</span>
|
|
entering <- ch
|
|
|
|
input := bufio.NewScanner(conn)
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> input.Scan() {
|
|
messages <- who + <span class="hljs-string">": "</span> + input.Text()
|
|
}
|
|
<span class="hljs-comment">// <span class="hljs-doctag">NOTE:</span> ignoring potential errors from input.Err()</span>
|
|
|
|
leaving <- ch
|
|
messages <- who + <span class="hljs-string">" has left"</span>
|
|
conn.Close()
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> clientWriter(conn net.Conn, ch <-<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-typename">string</span>) {
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> msg := <span class="hljs-keyword">range</span> ch {
|
|
fmt.Fprintln(conn, msg) <span class="hljs-comment">// <span class="hljs-doctag">NOTE:</span> ignoring network errors</span>
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>另外，handleConn爲每一個客戶端創建了一個clientWriter的goroutine來接收向客戶端發齣消息channel中發送的廣播消息，併將它們寫入到客戶端的網絡連接。客戶端的讀取方循環會在broadcaster接收到leaving通知併關閉了channel後終止。</p>
|
|
<p>下面演示的是當服務器有兩個活動的客戶端連接，併且在兩個窗口中運行的情況，使用netcat來聊天：</p>
|
|
<pre><code>$ go build gopl.io/ch8/chat
|
|
$ go build gopl.io/ch8/netcat3
|
|
$ ./chat &
|
|
$ ./netcat3
|
|
You are 127.0.0.1:64208 $ ./netcat3
|
|
127.0.0.1:64211 has arrived You are 127.0.0.1:64211
|
|
Hi!
|
|
127.0.0.1:64208: Hi!
|
|
127.0.0.1:64208: Hi!
|
|
Hi yourself.
|
|
127.0.0.1:64211: Hi yourself. 127.0.0.1:64211: Hi yourself.
|
|
^C
|
|
127.0.0.1:64208 has left
|
|
$ ./netcat3
|
|
You are 127.0.0.1:64216 127.0.0.1:64216 has arrived
|
|
Welcome.
|
|
127.0.0.1:64211: Welcome. 127.0.0.1:64211: Welcome.
|
|
^C
|
|
127.0.0.1:64211 has left”
|
|
</code></pre><p>當與n個客戶端保持聊天session時，這個程序會有2n+2個併發的goroutine，然而這個程序卻併不需要顯式的鎖(§9.2)。clients這個map被限製在了一個獨立的goroutine中，broadcaster，所以它不能被併發地訪問。多個goroutine共享的變量隻有這些channel和net.Conn的實例，兩個東西都是併發安全的。我們會在下一章中更多地解決約束，併發安全以及goroutine中共享變量的含義。</p>
|
|
<p>練習8.12: 使broadcaster能夠將arrival事件通知當前所有的客戶端。爲了達成這個目的，你需要有一個客戶端的集合，併且在entering和leaving的channel中記録客戶端的名字。
|
|
練習8.13: 使聊天服務器能夠斷開空閒的客戶端連接，比如最近五分鐘之後沒有發送任何消息的那些客戶端。提示：可以在其它goroutine中調用conn.Close()來解除Read調用，就像input.Scanner()所做的那樣。
|
|
練習8.14: 脩改聊天服務器的網絡協議這樣每一個客戶端就可以在entering時可以提供它們的名字。將消息前綴由之前的網絡地址改爲這個名字。
|
|
練習8.15: 如果一個客戶端沒有及時地讀取數據可能會導致所有的客戶端被阻塞。脩改broadcaster來跳過一條消息，而不是等待這個客戶端一直到其準備好寫。或者爲每一個客戶端的消息發齣channel建立緩衝區，這樣大部分的消息便不會被丟掉；broadcaster應該用一個非阻塞的send向這個channel中發消息。</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch8/ch8-09.html" class="navigation navigation-prev " aria-label="Previous page: 併發的退齣"><i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i></a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../ch9/ch9.html" class="navigation navigation-next " aria-label="Next page: 基於共享變量的併發"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i></a>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="../gitbook/app.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/buttons.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script>
|
|
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
|
|
var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
|
|
gitbook.start(config);
|
|
});
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</body>
|
|
|
|
</html>
|