algorithm-base/animation-simulation/数据结构和算法/BM.md

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## BM(Boyer-Moore)
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>
>
>
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BF BF
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![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210401200433751.png)
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BF abcdex abcde x
![BM2](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/tan45du/photobed@master/photo/BM2.141fhslg6vek.png)
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![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210401200635476.png)
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###
BF BM
![BM4](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/tan45du/photobed@master/photo/BM4.2mayfaccj3i0.png)
BM ******** f , T f f
![BM5](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/tan45du/photobed@master/photo/BM5.31j3sja7vsq0.png)
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![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210401200838199.png)
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f , f, T , f
![](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/tan45du/photobed@master/photo/坏字符移动.kl5k3nnzkcg.png)
d d
![2](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/tan45du/photobed@master/photo/换字符对其2.4xdb38am9e60.png)
![](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/tan45du/photobed@master/photo/坏字符原则.781vhv3vm280.png)
![](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/tan45du/photobed@master/photo/两个坏字符.1a6hcs8ildkw.png)
****
![](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/tan45du/photobed@master/photo/坏字符匹配不按规则.1y45278xg1vk.png)
****** babac** ********
![](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/tan45du/photobed@master/photo/坏字符移动规则.48oh1msdypy0.png)
![bug](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/tan45du/photobed@master/photo/换字符bug.24av6jslzh40.png)
###
BM
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![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210401201215799.png)
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使
BM cac cac ****
绿
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![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210401201254453.png)
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![](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/tan45du/photobed@master/photo/好后缀中间.7b6m6ki25l00.png)
![](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/tan45du/photobed@master/photo/比较.4m9ci1x1c1e0.png)
****
![](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/tan45du/photobed@master/photo/不完全重合.6oayqd0dre00.png)
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210319204004219.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMzODg1OTI0,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center)
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/202103191939263.gif)
1.********
2.****
3.
> Boyer R SMoore J S. A fast string searching algorithmJ. Communications of the ACM197710 762-772.
** 0 **
![](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/tan45du/photobed@master/photo/五好后缀.6wvqxa4um040.png)
AC KMP
Java Code:
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```java
class Solution {
public int strStr(String haystack, String needle) {
char[] hay = haystack.toCharArray();
char[] need = needle.toCharArray();
int haylen = haystack.length();
int needlen = need.length;
return bm(hay,haylen,need,needlen);
}
//用来求坏字符情况下移动位数
private static void badChar(char[] b, int m, int[] bc) {
//初始化
for (int i = 0; i < 256; ++i) {
bc[i] = -1;
}
//m 代表模式串的长度,如果有两个 a,则后面那个会覆盖前面那个
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
int ascii = (int)b[i];
bc[ascii] = i;//下标
}
}
//用来求好后缀条件下的移动位数
private static void goodSuffix (char[] b, int m, int[] suffix,boolean[] prefix) {
//初始化
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
suffix[i] = -1;
prefix[i] = false;
}
for (int i = 0; i < m - 1; ++i) {
int j = i;
int k = 0;
while (j >= 0 && b[j] == b[m-1-k]) {
--j;
++k;
suffix[k] = j + 1;
}
if (j == -1) prefix[k] = true;
}
}
public static int bm (char[] a, int n, char[] b, int m) {
int[] bc = new int[256];//创建一个数组用来保存最右边字符的下标
badChar(b,m,bc);
//用来保存各种长度好后缀的最右位置的数组
int[] suffix_index = new int[m];
//判断是否是头部如果是头部则true
boolean[] ispre = new boolean[m];
goodSuffix(b,m,suffix_index,ispre);
int i = 0;//第一个匹配字符
//注意结束条件
while (i <= n-m) {
int j;
//从后往前匹配,匹配失败,找到坏字符
for (j = m - 1; j >= 0; --j) {
if (a[i+j] != b[j]) break;
}
//模式串遍历完毕,匹配成功
if (j < 0) {
return i;
}
//下面为匹配失败时,如何处理
//求出坏字符规则下移动的位数,就是我们坏字符下标减最右边的下标
int x = j - bc[(int)a[i+j]];
int y = 0;
//好后缀情况,求出好后缀情况下的移动位数,如果不含有好后缀的话,则按照坏字符来
if (y < m-1 && m - 1 - j > 0) {
y = move(j, m, suffix_index,ispre);
}
//移动
i = i + Math.max(x,y);
}
return -1;
}
// j代表坏字符的下标
private static int move (int j, int m, int[] suffix_index, boolean[] ispre) {
//好后缀长度
int k = m - 1 - j;
//如果含有长度为 k 的好后缀,返回移动位数,
if (suffix_index[k] != -1) return j - suffix_index[k] + 1;
//找头部为好后缀子串的最大长度,从长度最大的子串开始
for (int r = j + 2; r <= m-1; ++r) {
//如果是头部
if (ispre[m-r] == true) {
return r;
}
}
//如果没有发现好后缀匹配的串,或者头部为好后缀子串,则移动到 m 位,也就是匹配串的长度
return m;
}
}
```
Python Code:
```python
from typing import List
class Solution:
def strStr(self, haystack: str, needle: str)->int:
haylen = len(haystack)
needlen = len(needle)
return self.bm(haystack, haylen, needle, needlen)
#
def badChar(self, b: str, m: int, bc: List[int]):
#
for i in range(0, 256):
bc[i] = -1
# m a
for i in range(0, m,):
ascii = ord(b[i])
bc[ascii] = i#
#
def goodSuffix(self, b: str, m: int, suffix: List[int], prefix: List[bool]):
#
for i in range(0, m):
suffix[i] = -1
prefix[i] = False
for i in range(0, m - 1):
j = i
k = 0
while j >= 0 and b[j] == b[m - 1 - k]:
j -= 1
k += 1
suffix[k] = j + 1
if j == -1:
prefix[k] = True
def bm(self, a: str, n: int, b: str, m: int)->int:
bc = [0] * 256#
self.badChar(b, m, bc)
#
suffix_index = [0] * m
# True
ispre = [False] * m
self.goodSuffix(b, m, suffix_index, ispre)
i = 0#
#
while i <= n - m:
#
j = m - 1
while j >= 0:
if a[i + j] != b[j]:
break
j -= 1
#
if j < 0:
return i
#
#
x = j - bc[ord(a[i + j])]
y = 0
# ,
if y < m - 1 and m - 1 - j > 0:
y = self.move(j, m, suffix_index, ispre)
#
i += max(x, y)
return -1
# j
def move(j: int, m: int, suffix_index: List[int], ispre: List[bool])->int:
#
k = m - 1 - j
# k
if suffix_index[k] != -1:
return j - suffix_index[k] + 1
#
for r in range(j + 2, m):
# //如果是头部
if ispre[m - r] == True:
return r
# m
return m
```
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![](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/tan45du/photobed@master/photo/头缀函数.145da63ig3s0.png)