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< div class = "book" data-level = "11.3" data-chapter-title = "測試覆蓋率" data-filepath = "ch11/ch11-03.md" data-basepath = ".." data-revision = "Fri Dec 25 2015 12:32:44 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)" >
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前言
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< b > 0.1.< / b >
Go語言起源
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< b > 0.2.< / b >
Go語言項目
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< b > 0.3.< / b >
本書的組織
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< b > 0.4.< / b >
更多的信息
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< b > 0.5.< / b >
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致謝
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< b > 1.< / b >
入門
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< b > 1.1.< / b >
Hello, World
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< b > 1.2.< / b >
命令行參數
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< b > 1.3.< / b >
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査找重複的行
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.4" data-path = "ch1/ch1-04.html" >
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< b > 1.4.< / b >
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GIF動畵
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< b > 1.5.< / b >
穫取URL
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< b > 1.6.< / b >
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併發穫取多個URL
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< b > 1.7.< / b >
Web服務
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< b > 1.8.< / b >
本章要點
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< b > 2.< / b >
程序結構
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< b > 2.1.< / b >
命名
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< b > 2.2.< / b >
聲明
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< b > 2.3.< / b >
變量
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< b > 2.4.< / b >
賦值
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< b > 2.5.< / b >
類型
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< b > 2.6.< / b >
包和文件
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< b > 2.7.< / b >
作用域
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< b > 3.< / b >
基礎數據類型
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< b > 3.1.< / b >
整型
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< b > 3.2.< / b >
浮點數
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< b > 3.3.< / b >
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複數
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4" data-path = "ch3/ch3-04.html" >
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< b > 3.4.< / b >
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布爾型
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< b > 3.5.< / b >
字符串
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< b > 3.6.< / b >
常量
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< b > 4.< / b >
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複合數據類型
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< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.1" data-path = "ch4/ch4-01.html" >
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< b > 4.1.< / b >
數組
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< b > 4.2.< / b >
切片
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< b > 4.3.< / b >
字典
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< b > 4.4.< / b >
結構體
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< b > 4.5.< / b >
JSON
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< b > 4.6.< / b >
文本和HTML模闆
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5" data-path = "ch5/ch5.html" >
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< b > 5.< / b >
函數
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< b > 5.1.< / b >
函數聲明
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< b > 5.2.< / b >
遞歸
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.3" data-path = "ch5/ch5-03.html" >
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< b > 5.3.< / b >
多返迴值
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< b > 5.4.< / b >
錯誤
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5" data-path = "ch5/ch5-05.html" >
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< b > 5.5.< / b >
函數值
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6" data-path = "ch5/ch5-06.html" >
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< b > 5.6.< / b >
匿名函數
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.7" data-path = "ch5/ch5-07.html" >
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< b > 5.7.< / b >
可變參數
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< b > 5.8.< / b >
Deferred函數
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< b > 5.9.< / b >
Panic異常
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.10" data-path = "ch5/ch5-10.html" >
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< b > 5.10.< / b >
Recover捕穫異常
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< b > 6.< / b >
方法
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.1" data-path = "ch6/ch6-01.html" >
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< b > 6.1.< / b >
方法聲明
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.2" data-path = "ch6/ch6-02.html" >
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< b > 6.2.< / b >
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基於指針對象的方法
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3" data-path = "ch6/ch6-03.html" >
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< b > 6.3.< / b >
通過嵌入結構體來擴展類型
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4" data-path = "ch6/ch6-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch6/ch6-04.html" >
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< b > 6.4.< / b >
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方法值和方法表達式
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.5" data-path = "ch6/ch6-05.html" >
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< b > 6.5.< / b >
示例: Bit數組
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< b > 6.6.< / b >
封裝
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< b > 7.< / b >
接口
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< b > 7.1.< / b >
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接口是合約
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.2" data-path = "ch7/ch7-02.html" >
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< b > 7.2.< / b >
接口類型
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.3" data-path = "ch7/ch7-03.html" >
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< b > 7.3.< / b >
實現接口的條件
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.4" data-path = "ch7/ch7-04.html" >
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< b > 7.4.< / b >
flag.Value接口
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< b > 7.5.< / b >
接口值
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< b > 7.6.< / b >
sort.Interface接口
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< b > 7.7.< / b >
http.Handler接口
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< b > 7.8.< / b >
error接口
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< a href = "../ch7/ch7-09.html" >
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< b > 7.9.< / b >
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示例: 表達式求值
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< b > 7.10.< / b >
類型斷言
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< b > 7.11.< / b >
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基於類型斷言識别錯誤類型
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< b > 7.12.< / b >
通過類型斷言査詢接口
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< b > 7.13.< / b >
類型分支
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< b > 7.14.< / b >
示例: 基於標記的XML解碼
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.15" data-path = "ch7/ch7-15.html" >
< a href = "../ch7/ch7-15.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 7.15.< / b >
補充幾點
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8" data-path = "ch8/ch8.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.< / b >
Goroutines和Channels
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.1" data-path = "ch8/ch8-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-01.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.1.< / b >
Goroutines
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.2" data-path = "ch8/ch8-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.2.< / b >
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示例: 併發的Clock服務
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.3" data-path = "ch8/ch8-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-03.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.3.< / b >
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示例: 併發的Echo服務
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.4" data-path = "ch8/ch8-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-04.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.4.< / b >
Channels
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.5" data-path = "ch8/ch8-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-05.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.5.< / b >
併行的循環
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.6" data-path = "ch8/ch8-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-06.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.6.< / b >
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示例: 併發的Web爬蟲
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.7" data-path = "ch8/ch8-07.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-07.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.7.< / b >
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基於select的多路複用
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.8" data-path = "ch8/ch8-08.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-08.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.8.< / b >
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示例: 併發的字典遍歷
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.9" data-path = "ch8/ch8-09.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-09.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.9.< / b >
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併發的退齣
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.10" data-path = "ch8/ch8-10.html" >
< a href = "../ch8/ch8-10.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 8.10.< / b >
示例: 聊天服務
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9" data-path = "ch9/ch9.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.< / b >
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基於共享變量的併發
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< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.1" data-path = "ch9/ch9-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-01.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.1.< / b >
競爭條件
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.2" data-path = "ch9/ch9-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.2.< / b >
sync.Mutex互斥鎖
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.3" data-path = "ch9/ch9-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-03.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.3.< / b >
sync.RWMutex讀寫鎖
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.4" data-path = "ch9/ch9-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-04.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.4.< / b >
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內存同步
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.5" data-path = "ch9/ch9-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-05.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.5.< / b >
sync.Once初始化
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.6" data-path = "ch9/ch9-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-06.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.6.< / b >
競爭條件檢測
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.7" data-path = "ch9/ch9-07.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-07.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.7.< / b >
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示例: 併發的非阻塞緩存
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.8" data-path = "ch9/ch9-08.html" >
< a href = "../ch9/ch9-08.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 9.8.< / b >
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Goroutines和線程
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< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10" data-path = "ch10/ch10.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.< / b >
包和工具
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.1" data-path = "ch10/ch10-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-01.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.1.< / b >
簡介
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.2" data-path = "ch10/ch10-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.2.< / b >
導入路徑
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.3" data-path = "ch10/ch10-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-03.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.3.< / b >
包聲明
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.4" data-path = "ch10/ch10-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-04.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.4.< / b >
導入聲明
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.5" data-path = "ch10/ch10-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-05.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.5.< / b >
匿名導入
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.6" data-path = "ch10/ch10-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-06.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.6.< / b >
包和命名
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.7" data-path = "ch10/ch10-07.html" >
< a href = "../ch10/ch10-07.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 10.7.< / b >
工具
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11" data-path = "ch11/ch11.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.< / b >
測試
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.1" data-path = "ch11/ch11-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-01.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.1.< / b >
go test
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.2" data-path = "ch11/ch11-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.2.< / b >
測試函數
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter active" data-level = "11.3" data-path = "ch11/ch11-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-03.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.3.< / b >
測試覆蓋率
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.4" data-path = "ch11/ch11-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-04.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.4.< / b >
基準測試
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.5" data-path = "ch11/ch11-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-05.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.5.< / b >
剖析
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.6" data-path = "ch11/ch11-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-06.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 11.6.< / b >
示例函數
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12" data-path = "ch12/ch12.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.< / b >
反射
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.1" data-path = "ch12/ch12-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-01.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.1.< / b >
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爲何需要反射?
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.2" data-path = "ch12/ch12-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.2.< / b >
reflect.Type和reflect.Value
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.3" data-path = "ch12/ch12-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-03.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.3.< / b >
Display遞歸打印
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.4" data-path = "ch12/ch12-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-04.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.4.< / b >
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示例: 編碼S表達式
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.5" data-path = "ch12/ch12-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-05.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.5.< / b >
通過reflect.Value脩改值
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.6" data-path = "ch12/ch12-06.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-06.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.6.< / b >
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示例: 解碼S表達式
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.7" data-path = "ch12/ch12-07.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-07.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.7.< / b >
穫取結構體字段標識
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.8" data-path = "ch12/ch12-08.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-08.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.8.< / b >
顯示一個類型的方法集
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "12.9" data-path = "ch12/ch12-09.html" >
< a href = "../ch12/ch12-09.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 12.9.< / b >
幾點忠告
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "13" data-path = "ch13/ch13.html" >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 13.< / b >
底層編程
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "13.1" data-path = "ch13/ch13-01.html" >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13-01.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 13.1.< / b >
unsafe.Sizeof, Alignof 和 Offsetof
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "13.2" data-path = "ch13/ch13-02.html" >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13-02.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 13.2.< / b >
unsafe.Pointer
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "13.3" data-path = "ch13/ch13-03.html" >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13-03.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 13.3.< / b >
示例: 深度相等判斷
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "13.4" data-path = "ch13/ch13-04.html" >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13-04.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 13.4.< / b >
通過cgo調用C代碼
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "13.5" data-path = "ch13/ch13-05.html" >
< a href = "../ch13/ch13-05.html" >
< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
< b > 13.5.< / b >
幾點忠告
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "14" data-path = "CONTRIBUTORS.html" >
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< a href = "../CONTRIBUTORS.html" >
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< i class = "fa fa-check" > < / i >
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< b > 14.< / b >
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附録
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "divider" > < / li >
< li >
< a href = "https://www.gitbook.com" target = "blank" class = "gitbook-link" >
本書使用 GitBook 釋出
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / div >
< div class = "book-body" >
< div class = "body-inner" >
< div class = "book-header" role = "navigation" >
<!-- Actions Left -->
<!-- Title -->
< h1 >
< i class = "fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin" > < / i >
< a href = "../" > Go编程语言< / a >
< / h1 >
< / div >
< div class = "page-wrapper" tabindex = "-1" role = "main" >
< div class = "page-inner" >
< section class = "normal" id = "section-" >
< h2 id = "113-測試覆蓋率" > 11.3. 測 試 覆 蓋 率 < / h2 >
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< p > 就 其 性 質 而 言 , 測 試 不 可 能 是 完 整 的 . 計 算 機 科 學 家 Edsger Dijkstra 曾 説 過 : " 測 試 可 以 顯 示 存 在 缺 陷 , 但 是 併 不 是 説 沒 有 BUG." 再 多 的 測 試 也 不 能 證 明 一 個 包 沒 有 BUG. 在 最 好 的 情 況 下 , 測 試 可 以 增 強 我 們 的 信 息 , 包 在 我 們 測 試 的 環 境 是 可 以 正 常 工 作 的 .< / p >
< p > 由 測 試 驅 動 觸 發 運 行 到 的 被 測 試 函 數 的 代 碼 數 目 稱 爲 測 試 的 覆 蓋 率 . 測 試 覆 蓋 率 併 不 能 量 化 — 甚 至 連 最 簡 單 的 動 態 程 序 也 難 以 精 確 測 量 — 但 是 可 以 啟 發 併 幫 助 我 們 編 寫 的 有 效 的 測 試 代 碼 .< / p >
< p > 這 些 幫 助 信 息 中 語 句 的 覆 蓋 率 是 最 簡 單 和 最 廣 泛 使 用 的 . 語 句 的 覆 蓋 率 是 指 在 測 試 中 至 少 被 運 行 一 次 的 代 碼 占 總 代 碼 數 的 比 例 . 在 本 節 中 , 我 們 使 用 < code > go test< / code > 中 集 成 的 測 試 覆 蓋 率 工 具 , 來 度 量 下 面 代 碼 的 測 試 覆 蓋 率 , 幫 助 我 們 識 别 測 試 和 我 們 期 望 間 的 差 距 .< / p >
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< p > The code below is a table-driven test for the expression evaluator we built back in Chapter 7:< / p >
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< p > 下 面 的 代 碼 是 一 個 表 格 驅 動 的 測 試 , 用 於 測 試 第 七 章 的 表 達 式 求 值 程 序 :< / p >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-Go" > gopl.io/ch7/eval
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > func< / span > TestCoverage(t *testing.T) {
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > var< / span > tests = []< span class = "hljs-keyword" > struct< / span > {
input < span class = "hljs-typename" > string< / span >
env Env
want < span class = "hljs-typename" > string< / span > < span class = "hljs-comment" > // expected error from Parse/Check or result from Eval< / span >
}{
{< span class = "hljs-string" > " x % 2" < / span > , < span class = "hljs-constant" > nil< / span > , < span class = "hljs-string" > " unexpected ' %' " < / span > },
{< span class = "hljs-string" > " !true" < / span > , < span class = "hljs-constant" > nil< / span > , < span class = "hljs-string" > " unexpected ' !' " < / span > },
{< span class = "hljs-string" > " log(10)" < / span > , < span class = "hljs-constant" > nil< / span > , < span class = "hljs-string" > `unknown function " log" `< / span > },
{< span class = "hljs-string" > " sqrt(1, 2)" < / span > , < span class = "hljs-constant" > nil< / span > , < span class = "hljs-string" > " call to sqrt has 2 args, want 1" < / span > },
{< span class = "hljs-string" > " sqrt(A / pi)" < / span > , Env{< span class = "hljs-string" > " A" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-number" > 87616< / span > , < span class = "hljs-string" > " pi" < / span > : math.Pi}, < span class = "hljs-string" > " 167" < / span > },
{< span class = "hljs-string" > " pow(x, 3) + pow(y, 3)" < / span > , Env{< span class = "hljs-string" > " x" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-number" > 9< / span > , < span class = "hljs-string" > " y" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-number" > 10< / span > }, < span class = "hljs-string" > " 1729" < / span > },
{< span class = "hljs-string" > " 5 / 9 * (F - 32)" < / span > , Env{< span class = "hljs-string" > " F" < / span > : -< span class = "hljs-number" > 40< / span > }, < span class = "hljs-string" > " -40" < / span > },
}
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > for< / span > _, test := < span class = "hljs-keyword" > range< / span > tests {
expr, err := Parse(test.input)
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > if< / span > err == < span class = "hljs-constant" > nil< / span > {
err = expr.Check(< span class = "hljs-keyword" > map< / span > [Var]< span class = "hljs-typename" > bool< / span > {})
}
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > if< / span > err != < span class = "hljs-constant" > nil< / span > {
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > if< / span > err.Error() != test.want {
t.Errorf(< span class = "hljs-string" > " %s: got %q, want %q" < / span > , test.input, err, test.want)
}
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > continue< / span >
}
got := fmt.Sprintf(< span class = "hljs-string" > " %.6g" < / span > , expr.Eval(test.env))
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > if< / span > got != test.want {
t.Errorf(< span class = "hljs-string" > " %s: %v => %s, want %s" < / span > ,
test.input, test.env, got, test.want)
}
}
}
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 首 先 , 我 們 要 確 保 所 有 的 測 試 都 正 常 通 過 :< / p >
< pre > < code > $ go test -v -run=Coverage gopl.io/ch7/eval
=== RUN TestCoverage
--- PASS: TestCoverage (0.00s)
PASS
ok gopl.io/ch7/eval 0.011s
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< / code > < / pre > < p > 下 面 這 個 命 令 可 以 顯 示 測 試 覆 蓋 率 工 具 的 用 法 信 息 :< / p >
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< pre > < code > $ go tool cover
Usage of ' go tool cover' :
Given a coverage profile produced by ' go test' :
go test -coverprofile=c.out
Open a web browser displaying annotated source code:
go tool cover -html=c.out
...
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< / code > < / pre > < p > < code > go tool< / code > 命 令 運 行 Go工 具 鏈 的 底 層 可 執 行 程 序 . 這 些 底 層 可 執 行 程 序 放 在 $GOROOT/pkg/tool/${GOOS}_${GOARCH} 目 録 . 因 爲 < code > go build< / code > 的 原 因 , 我 們 很 小 直 接 調 用 這 些 底 層 工 具 .< / p >
< p > 現 在 我 們 可 以 用 < code > -coverprofile< / code > 標 誌 參 數 重 新 運 行 :< / p >
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< pre > < code > $ go test -run=Coverage -coverprofile=c.out gopl.io/ch7/eval
ok gopl.io/ch7/eval 0.032s coverage: 68.5% of statements
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< / code > < / pre > < p > 這 個 標 誌 參 數 通 過 插 入 生 成 鉤 子 代 碼 來 統 計 覆 蓋 率 數 據 . 也 就 是 説 , 在 運 行 每 個 測 試 前 , 它 會 脩 改 要 測 試 代 碼 的 副 本 , 在 每 個 塊 都 會 設 置 一 個 布 爾 標 誌 變 量 . 當 被 脩 改 後 的 被 測 試 代 碼 運 行 退 齣 時 , 將 統 計 日 誌 數 據 寫 入 c.out 文 件 , 併 打 印 一 部 分 執 行 的 語 句 的 一 個 總 結 . (如 果 你 需 要 的 是 摘 要 ,使 用 < code > go test -cover< / code > .)< / p >
< p > 如 果 使 用 了 < code > -covermode=count< / code > 標 誌 參 數 , 那 麽 將 在 每 個 代 碼 塊 插 入 一 個 計 數 器 而 不 是 布 爾 標 誌 量 . 在 統 計 結 果 中 記 録 了 每 個 塊 的 執 行 次 數 , 這 可 以 用 於 衡 量 哪 些 是 被 頻 繁 執 行 的 熱 點 代 碼 .< / p >
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< p > 爲 了 收 集 數 據 , 我 們 運 行 了 測 試 覆 蓋 率 工 具 , 打 印 了 測 試 日 誌 , 生 成 一 個 HTML報 告 , 然 後 在 瀏 覽 器 中 打 開 (圖 11.3).< / p >
< pre > < code > $ go tool cover -html=c.out
< / code > < / pre > < p > < img src = "../images/ch11-03.png" alt = "" > < / p >
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< p > 緑 色 的 代 碼 塊 被 測 試 覆 蓋 到 了 , 紅 色 的 則 表 示 沒 有 被 覆 蓋 到 . 爲 了 清 晰 起 見 , 我 們 將 的 背 景 紅 色 文 本 的 背 景 設 置 成 了 陰 影 效 果 . 我 們 可 以 馬 上 發 現 unary 操 作 的 Eval 方 法 併 沒 有 被 執 行 到 . 如 果 我 們 針 對 這 部 分 未 被 覆 蓋 的 代 碼 添 加 下 面 的 測 試 , 然 後 重 新 運 行 上 面 的 命 令 , 那 麽 我 們 將 會 看 到 那 個 紅 色 部 分 的 代 碼 也 變 成 緑 色 了 :< / p >
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< pre > < code > {" -x * -x" , eval.Env{" x" : 2}, " 4" }
< / code > < / pre > < p > 不 過 兩 個 panic 語 句 依 然 是 紅 色 的 . 這 是 沒 有 問 題 的 , 因 爲 這 兩 個 語 句 併 不 會 被 執 行 到 .< / p >
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< p > 實 現 100% 的 測 試 覆 蓋 率 聽 起 來 很 好 , 但 是 在 具 體 實 踐 中 通 常 是 不 可 行 的 , 也 不 是 值 得 推 薦 的 做 法 . 因 爲 那 隻 能 説 明 代 碼 被 執 行 過 而 已 , 併 不 意 味 着 代 碼 是 沒 有 BUG的 ; 因 爲 對 於 邏 輯 複 雜 的 語 句 需 要 針 對 不 同 的 輸 入 執 行 多 次 . 有 一 些 語 句 , 例 如 上 面 的 panic 語 句 則 永 遠 都 不 會 被 執 行 到 . 另 外 , 還 有 一 些 隱 晦 的 錯 誤 在 現 實 中 很 少 遇 到 也 很 難 編 寫 對 應 的 測 試 代 碼 . 測 試 從 本 質 上 來 説 是 一 個 比 較 務 實 的 工 作 , 編 寫 測 試 代 碼 和 編 寫 應 用 代 碼 的 成 本 對 比 是 需 要 考 慮 的 . 測 試 覆 蓋 率 工 具 可 以 幫 助 我 們 快 速 識 别 測 試 薄 弱 的 地 方 , 但 是 設 計 好 的 測 試 用 例 和 編 寫 應 用 代 碼 一 樣 需 要 嚴 密 的 思 考 .< / p >
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< / section >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-02.html" class = "navigation navigation-prev " aria-label = "Previous page: 測試函數" > < i class = "fa fa-angle-left" > < / i > < / a >
< a href = "../ch11/ch11-04.html" class = "navigation navigation-next " aria-label = "Next page: 基準測試" > < i class = "fa fa-angle-right" > < / i > < / a >
< / div >
< / div >
< script src = "../gitbook/app.js" > < / script >
< script src = "../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js" > < / script >
< script src = "../gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/buttons.js" > < / script >
< script >
require(["gitbook"], function(gitbook) {
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var config = {"highlight":{},"sharing":{"facebook":true,"twitter":true,"google":false,"weibo":false,"instapaper":false,"vk":false,"all":["facebook","google","twitter","weibo","instapaper"]},"fontsettings":{"theme":"white","family":"sans","size":2}};
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gitbook.start(config);
});
< / script >
< / body >
< / html >
